Hisonotus

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Hisonotus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Loricariidae
Subfamily: Hypoptopomatinae
Tribe: Otothyrini
Genus: Hisonotus
C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
Species

See text.

Hisonotus paulinus

Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

Taxonomy

Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa.[1] In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both Hisonotus and Parotocinclus are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade.[2]

Species

There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus: [3][4][5][6]

  • Hisonotus aky (Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón & Koerber, 2004)
  • Hisonotus armatus T. P. Carvalho, Lehmann A., E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2008
  • Hisonotus bocaiuva Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013[6]
  • Hisonotus bockmanni M. de Carvalho & Datovo, 2012[4]
  • Hisonotus brunneus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
  • Hisonotus carreiro T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
  • Hisonotus charrua Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Litz, 2006
  • Hisonotus chromodontus Britski & Garavello, 2007.[7]
  • Hisonotus depressicauda (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
  • Hisonotus depressinotus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
  • Hisonotus francirochai (R. Ihering (pt), 1928)
  • Hisonotus heterogaster T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
  • Hisonotus hungy Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007.[8]
  • Hisonotus insperatus Britski & Garavello, 2003
  • Hisonotus iota T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
  • Hisonotus laevior Cope, 1894
  • Hisonotus leucofrenatus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908)
  • Hisonotus leucophrys T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
  • Hisonotus luteofrenatus Britski & Garavello, 2007.[7]
  • Hisonotus maculipinnis (Regan, 1912)
  • Hisonotus megaloplax T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
  • Hisonotus montanus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
  • Hisonotus nigricauda (Boulenger, 1891)
  • Hisonotus notatus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
  • Hisonotus notopagos T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
  • Hisonotus paulinus (Regan, 1908)
  • Hisonotus piracanjuba de Oliveira Martins & Langeani, 2012[5]
  • Hisonotus prata T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
  • Hisonotus ringueleti Aquino, S. A. Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001
  • Hisonotus taimensis (Buckup, 1981)
  • Hisonotus vireo T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011

Distribution

Hisonotus species mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of southern South America.[2] They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil.[9]

Description

Species of Hisonotus are the only representatives of the tribe Otothyrini having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine.[2]

Ecology

Hisonotus species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants.[9]

References

  1. ↑ Andreata, Artur Antonio; Oliveira, Claudio; Foresti, Fausto (2006). "Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins" (PDF). Genet. Mol. Biol. 29 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572006000100013. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Aquino, Adriana E.; Schaefer, Scott A.; Miquelarena, Amalia M. (June 22, 2001). "A New Species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) of the Upper Río Uruguay Basin" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3333): 1–12. 
  3. ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Hisonotus in FishBase. February 2013 version.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carvalho, M. & Datovo, A. (2012): A New Species of Cascudinho of the Genus Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Upper Rio Tapajós Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 2012 (2): 266-275.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Martins, F.O. & Langeani, F. (2012): Hisonotus piracanjuba, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranaíba, upper rio Paraná system, central Brazil. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 29-36.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Roxo, F.F., Silva, G.S.C., Oliveira, C. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): Hisonotus bocaiuva, a new species from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4) [2012]: 319-326.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Britski & Garavello, HA.; Garavello, JC. (2007). "Description of two new sympatric species of the genus Hisonotus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, from upper Rio Tapajos, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)". Brazilian Journal of Biology 67 (3): 413–420. doi:10.1590/S1519-69842007000300005. 
  8. ↑ Azpelicueta et al. (2007). "Hisonotus hungy sp. n. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) a new species from arroyo Tirica, Misiones, Argentina". Revue Suisse de Zoologie 114 (3): 591–598. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Britski, Heraldo A.; Garavello, Júlio C. (2003). "Hisonotus insperatus: New Species, from the Upper Rio Paraná Basin (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)". In Douglas, M. E. Copeia 2003 (3): 588–593. doi:10.1643/CI-02-23R. 


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