Highway 20 (Israel)

View of the northern part of Ayalon Highway from Azrieli towers' helipad

Arlozorov Interchange

La Guardia Interchange

Near HaShalom Interchange

Near Rokach Interchange

Heavy Afternoon Traffic

Near HaShalom Railway Station

North of Arlozorov Interchange

Highway 20, more commonly the Ayalon Highway^[1] (Hebrew: נתיבי איילון‎, pronounced: "Netivei Ayalon", lit. "Ayalon Routes"), is a major intracity freeway in Gush Dan, Israel. The road runs along Tel Aviv's center eastern border from north to south (with a planned east-west branch as well) and connects all of the major highways leading to the city—such as Highway 4 from Ashdod and the Southern regions, Highway 2 from Haifa and the Northern regions, Highway 5 from the East, and Highway 1 from Jerusalem and the Southeast. The Ayalon Highway is heavily travelled and on an average day almost 600,000 vehicles enter the freeway.^[2] It consists of a multi-lane highway with a multi-track railway located between the opposite travel lanes. Some of the highway's route is along the Ayalon River, hence its name.

Background

Before the construction of the Ayalon Highway, all the major inter-city highways leading to Tel Aviv terminated in the outskirts of the city. This created major traffic congestion in the entry and exit points and made driving through the city very difficult. Moreover, before the highway, Tel Aviv had two separate railway stations, one in the north and one in the south, which were not connected. Thus passengers wanting to travel to the South of the country could only do so from the southern station and those who wanted to travel to the North could only do so from the northern (Central) station. Even worse, trains from the northern part of the country could not travel to the southern part of the country without bypassing Tel Aviv from the East, making train travel in Israel very inefficient. Finally there was the problem of the Ayalon River, which went through parts of Tel Aviv and would sometimes cause flooding.

To solve these problems, as early as the 1950s ideas were raised regarding using the route of the river as a transportation corridor, but it wasn't until the mid-1960s that the government began planning. In the 1970s a government-owned company, Ayalon Highways Ltd., was set up to construct the highway. The first phase included construction of a concrete channel for the Ayalon River to alleviate the flooding problem. In 1982, the first section of the road opened, and in 1991 the final section of the central part of the road was completed. This section connects Route 1 in the south with Route 5 and Route 2 in the north. A railway with four stations was built in the center of the highway, which provided for the long-sought connection of Israel's railway network through Tel Aviv.

In the early 1990s the construction of a southern section of the highway had started. This section goes from the HaHagana railway station through the southern Tel Aviv suburbs of Holon, Bat Yam and Rishon LeZion and connects to Highway 4 north of Yavne. After the highway splits with the Ayalon River at Highway 1, it goes on the route of a road called Heyl HaShiryon Road (דרך חיל השריון, "The Armored Corps Road"), then on the route of Yigael Yadin Road until Wolfson Interchange, where it goes on the route of Yigal Allon Road (דרך יגאל אלון).

The road's impact

The road and railway had a major impact on the Tel Aviv region. While quite congested at times it nevertheless alleviated traveling to and through Tel Aviv. Considerable real estate development of offices, shopping, and housing occurred along the route, so much so, that Tel Aviv's Central Business District lost much of its importance as many businesses relocated to near the road. Israel Railways saw huge increases in passenger numbers now that north/south trains could travel through Tel Aviv instead of around it.

Plans

The southern part of the highway (i.e., the section passing through the Holon, Bat Yam and Rishon LeZion suburbs) was completed in 2012, including a second overpass in the Holon interchange and dual track railroad and 6 stations in the median of the highway (as part of a project which will eventually extend the Coastal Railway all the way to Ashdod. Currently the line ends in the newly opened Yavne West station). An east-west branch "Ayalon East", from Highway 4 to the Tel Aviv University railway station along the path of the Yarkon River has been planned, but is still not approved.^[3] Currently the northern terminus of the road is in Herzliya, but is expected to be extended further north to near kibbutz Shefayim by 2016 as part of the Route 531 construction project.

The central section of the road is built along the banks of the Ayalon River. However, Israel railways is in desperate need of adding a fourth railroad track in that area and no space exists to do so but "on top" of the river itself. Several suggestions have been made to solve this problem, ranging from diverting the entire river through Jaffa, to building an elevated highway, to creating a man-made lake for capturing flooding overflow south of the city and burying the river in a large diameter pipe and constructing the railway on top of it. All these solutions involve great cost and no decision has been made yet on how to proceed.

The long-term projection is for Route 20 to run as far north as Hadera. However, this has garnered very strong opposition from environmental groups, since the road would have to cross a nature preserve and other sensitive environmental areas. These groups suggest widening Highway 2 (the so-called "Coastal Highway"), an existing freeway north of Tel Aviv which roughly parallels (several kilometers to the west) Route 20's future route, instead of extending Route 20 northwards.

There is an effort to create a system of bus priority for certain lines that are heavily used and that run through congested areas. This effort is being led by transportation professionals and environmental groups, such as Transport Today and Tomorrow, which seeks to improve sustainable transportation in Israel. Buses are currently subject to the same traffic as cars and creating specific lanes and other forms of prioritization would help to alleviate this problem.

Interchanges

List of interchanges in order from the southernmost at Gan Sorek to the current northern terminus at Menachem Begin St. in Herzliya:

km	Name	Type	Meaning	Location	Road(s) Crossed
0	מחלף חולות (Holot Interchange)		Sand Dunes	Gan Sorek	Highway 4
1	מחלף מבוא איילון (Mevo Ayalon Interchange)		Ayalon Gateway	Rishon LeZion	Route 431
3.5	מחלף משה דיין (Moshe Dayan Interchange)		named after Moshe Dayan	Rishon LeZion	Route 441
5	מחלף קוממיות (Komemiyut Interchange)		Independence	Bat Yam, Holon	HaKomemiyut St.
6.5	מחלף יוספטל (Yoseftal Interchange)		named after Yoseftal	Bat Yam, Holon	Yoseftal Blvd.
7.5	מחלף דב הוז (Dov Hoz Interchange)		named after Dov Hoz	Holon, Bat Yam	Dov Hoz Blvd.
9	מחלף וולפסון (Wolfson Interchange)		Named after nearby Wolfson Medical Center	Holon, Tel Aviv	Heinrich Heine St., Ed Koch St., HaRav Heller St., HaLochamim St.
12	מחלף חולון (Holon Interchange)		named after biblical location[4] (little) sand	Holon	Highway 44, Levi Eshkol Blvd.
13	מחלף חיל השריון (Heil HaShiryon)		Armored Corps	Tel Aviv	Highway 2, Hel HaShiryon Blvd.
13	מחלף קיבוץ גלויות (Kibbutz Galuyot Interchange)		Ingathering of the Exiles	Tel Aviv	Highway 1, Highway 2, Kibbutz Galuyot St., Route 461 (Lehi St.)
14	מחלף לה גוורדייה (LaGuardia Interchange)		Named after Fiorello LaGuardia	Tel Aviv	LaGuardia St.
16	מחלף השלום (HaShalom Interchange)		(the) Peace	Tel Aviv	HaShalom Road
17	מחלף ארלוזורוב (Arlozorov Interchange)		Named after Arlozorov	Tel Aviv	Arlozorov Road, Route 481
17.5	מחלף ההלכה (HaHalakha Interchange)		lit. the way to go	Tel Aviv	HaRav Shlomo Goren St. Bialik St.
19	מחלף רוקח (Rokah Interchange)		Named after Israel Rokach	Tel Aviv	Rokah Blvd.
21	מחלף קרן קיימת (Keren Kayemet Interchange)		National Fund	Tel Aviv	Keren Kayemet LeYisrael Blvd.
23	מחלף גלילות מזרח (Glilot Mizrah Interchange)		Named after location of former Jewish refugee camp East Glilot	Ramat HaSharon	Highway 5, to Highway 2
25.5	מחלף שבעת הכוכבים (Shiv'at HaKohavim Interchange)		The Seven Stars (Herzl's Zionist flag design)	Herzliya	Route 541
27.5	מחלף המעפילים (HaMa'apilim Interchange) (northbound only)		The Clandestine Immigration	Kfar Shmaryahu	Menachem Begin Blvd.
In planning stages
29	מחלף רשפון (Rishpon Interchange)		Named after nearby moshav Netter Village	Rishpon	Route 531, to Highway 2

Railway stations are located nearby the following interchanges (with station name in parenthesis, if differs from interchange name): Rokach (University), Arlozorov (Central), HaShalom, Kibbutz Galuyot (HaHagana), Holon (Holon Junction), Wolfson, Yoseftal, Komemiyut, Moshe Dayan.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Highway 20 (Israel).

• Ayalon Highways Ltd. - Official site. Includes up to the minute traffic reports and live traffic camera views.
• Transport Today and Tomorrow

References

Coordinates: 32°02′15″N 34°45′52″E / 32.03750°N 34.76444°E / 32.03750; 34.76444