Hidaka Mountains

Hidaka Mountains
日高山脈
Mountains, taken from the ISS on Feb. 22, 2003
Highest point
Peak	Mount Poroshiri
Elevation	2,052.4 m (6,734 ft)
Coordinates	42°43′9″N 142°40′58″E / 42.71917°N 142.68278°E / 42.71917; 142.68278
Dimensions
Length	150 km (93 mi) north to south
Naming
Etymology	sun high
Native name	日高山脈 Hidaka-sanmyaku
Geography
Country	Japan
State	Hokkaidō
Regions	Hidaka Subprefecture and Tokachi Subprefecture
Districts	List Hidaka District, Hokkaidō Hiroo District, Hokkaidō Horoizumi District, Hokkaidō Kamikawa (Tokachi) District, Hokkaidō Kasai District, Hokkaidō Niikappu District, Hokkaidō Samani District, Hokkaidō Saru District, Hokkaidō Urakawa District, Hokkaidō
Range coordinates	43°09′N 142°59′E / 43.15°N 142.99°E / 43.15; 142.99Coordinates: 43°09′N 142°59′E / 43.15°N 142.99°E / 43.15; 142.99
Biome	alpine climate
Geology
Period	late Quaternary
Type of rock	Fold (geology)

Hidaka Mountains (日高山脈, Hidaka-sanmyaku) is a mountain range in southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. It runs 150 km from Mount Sahoro or Karikachi Pass^[1] in central Hokkaidō south, running into the sea at Cape Erimo. It consists of folded mountains that range from 1500 to 2000 metres in height. Mount Poroshiri is the highest at 2052 m. The Hidaka Mountains separate the subprefectures of Hidaka and Tokachi. Most of the range lies in the Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Quasi-National Park (日高山脈襟裳国定公園, Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Kokutei-kōen). Since the mountain range lies so far north, the alpine climate zone lies at a lower altitude.

Geology

The Hidaka Mountains formed in the late Quaternary as part of the outer arc of the western end of the Kurile arc.^[2] They were formed by the uplift resulting from the collision with the Kurile arc and the Northeast Japan Arc.^[3] The Hidaka mountains no longer appear to be uplifting.^[4]

The western end of the range is high P/T metamorphoseed Jurassic accretionary complex as part of the Kamuikotan belt. This is characterized by sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous and Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous periods. The eastern end of the range is tertiary metamorphic rock as part of the Hidaka Metamorphic belt. This is characterized by low to medium pressure metamorphic rocks with sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous-Lower Miocene. Plutonic rocks intrude into these structures.^[5][6] For the most part, the Hidaka mountains are composed of schists, migmatites, gneisses, and granites.^[7]

Glaciation

The Hidaka mountains are the only mountains in Hokkaido to show evidence of glaciation. This occurs above 1,400 metres (4,600 ft),^[7] where one can find moraines and more than 20 cirques from Mount Kitatottabetsu in the north to Mount Toyoni in the south.^[8]

Flora and fauna

Mount Apoi is known for endemic alpine plant life, such as Callianthemum miyabeanum (ヒダカソウ, Hidaka-sō). The Hidaka Mountains are also one of last refuges of the Hokkaido Bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) and Hokkaido Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).

The mountains can be divided into four zones. The topmost zone (1400–1600 m) is colonized by Siberian Dwarf Pine and other alpine flora. From 1200–1300 m is occupied by Betula ermanii. The zone above 500 m is occupied by Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis along with broad-leafed trees. The lowest zone below 500 m is occupied by broad-leafed trees, including Quercus mongolica, Acer pictum subsp. mono and Cercidiphyllum japonicum.^[1]

Resident bird species include Hazel Grouse, Black Woodpecker, Great Spotted Woodpecker, White-backed Woodpecker, Goldcrest, Eurasian Treecreeper, and Spotted Nutcracker. Summer visitors to the Hidaka Mountains include Japanese Accentor, Siberian Blue Robin, Japanese Robin, Red-flanked Bluetail, Siberian Thrush, Eastern Crowned Warbler, Narcissus Flycatcher, Blue-and-White Flycatcher, Dark-sided Flycatcher, Grey Bunting, and Eurasian Bullfinch. Notable bird species that transit the Hidaka mountains are Arctic Warbler and Eyebrowed Thrush.^[1]

List of passes and tunnels

The major passes and tunnels through the Hidaka Mountains are as follows:

• Hidaka Pass
• Karikachi Pass
• Nisshō Pass and tunnel
• Nozuka pass and tunnel

List of peaks by height

Mountains of the Hidaka range in order of elevation:

Bibliography

• Paul Hunt, Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails, Tokyo, Kodansha International Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-87011-893-5 and ISBN 4-7700-1393-0 C0075
• Shyun Umezawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, and Jun Nakagawa, Hokkaidō Natsuyama Gaido 4: Hidaka Sanmyaku no Yamayama (北海道夏山ガイド4日高山脈の山やま), Sapporo, The Hokkaido Shimbun Press, 1991. ISBN 4-89363-605-7

References

• Northern Road Navi
• Hokkaipedia
• GLGarcs, H. Nishiwaki, Introduction to the landforms and geology of Japan, 2006, last access 25 April 2008.

External links

• (Japanese) Hidaka Mountain Museum
• Google Maps