Hesperolemur

Hesperolemur actius is an extinct primate that lived in the middle Eocene (49-37 million years ago) of southern California. It is an immigrant taxa which appears to be most closely related to the earlier European forms of Cantius. It was approximately 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb) in weight and was the last surviving notharctine species, probably because of its position in the refugia that existed in southern California during the climate deterioration at the end of the middle Eocene. There are no later taxa that appear to have derived from Hesperolemur.

The weak but present development of mesostyles and pseudohypocone link Hesperolemur to Cantius. Morphologically, Hesperolemur is distinct from other notharctine taxa in having a partially fused ectotympanic anulus in the auditory bulla, no stapedial artery, and no lower molar paraconids. As the specimen used to make these analyses was badly damaged, others have argued against the existence of such differences and move Hesperolemur to a species of Cantius, Cantius actius.

References

• Fleagle, J. G. 1999. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. San Diego, Academic Press.
• Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
• Gebo, DL. 2002. Adapiformes: phylogeny and adaptation. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press
• Godinot, M. A Summary of Adapiform Systematics and Phylogeny. Folia Primatologica, 1998
• Gunnel, GF. New notharctine (primates, adapiformes) skull from the Uintan (middle Eocene) of San Diego County, California. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 98:4. 1995.
• Rose, KD et al. Skull of Early Eocene Cantius abditus (Primates:Adapiformes) and its phylogenetic implications, with a reevaluation of "Hesperolemur" actius. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1999 Aug;109(4):523-39.