Henry Gladwin

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Major-General Henry Gladwin, portrait by By John Hall (1739-1797), Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan, ref. 53.6[1]
Ottawa chief Pontiac visits Major Henry Gladwin, commanding Fort Detroit, planning to kill him and start a massacre of the English. Gladwin, fore-warned, dismisses him. Engraving by "WLJ" in Cassell's History of the World
Arms of Gladwin: Ermine, a chief azure over all a bend gules charged with a sword argent hilt and pomel or. Granted by the College of Arms in 1660[3]
1777 portrait of Dorothy Gladwin (d.1792), sister of Gen. Henry Gladwin and wife of Rev. Basil Beridge, rector of Alderchurch, Lincolnshire, half-brother of Frances Beridge, wife of Gen. Henry Gladwin.[2] By Joseph Wright of Derby (1734-1797), Minneapolis Institute of Arts, USA
"The Gravenor Family", by Thomas Gainsborough, c.1754.[4] One of the daughters is Anne Gravenor, sister-in-law of Henry Gladwin

Major-General Henry Gladwin (1729 or 1730 – 22 June 1791) was a British army officer in colonial America and the British commander at the Siege of Fort Detroit during Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763. He served in the disastrous campaign of Edward Braddock and in other actions in the French and Indian War but is best remembered for his defense of Detroit in Pontiac's Rebellion.

Origins

Henry was born in 1729 or 1730 probably at Stubbing Court, near Wingerworth, Chesterfield, in Derbyshire. He was the eldest son of Henry Gladwin (1692-1763) by his 2nd wife Mary Dakeyne, heiress of Stubbing Court,[5][6] daughter of Digby Dakeyne of Stubbing and sister and heiress of John Dakeyne.[7] He was a a great-grandson of Thomas II Gladwin (1628/9-1697) of Tupton Hall, in the parish of Wingerworth near Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1668. Thomas II was the second son and principal heir of Thomas I Gladwin (c.1598-1667) of Boythorpe, Derbyshire,[8] an eminent lead merchant who raised an estate of £800 or £900 per annum.[9]

One of Henry's brothers was John Gladwin (1731-1822), of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, steward of the royal Sherwood Forest[10] and attorney and steward of the manor of Mansfield[11] to William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (1738-1809), Prime Minister of Great Britain, of Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire and Burlington House, London. John's 4th daughter Dorothy Gladwin (d.1838) "Lady Dolly" married in 1787 Francis Eyre (1762-1827)(later Radclyffe-Livingstone-Eyre), self styled 6th Earl of Newburgh, of Hassop Hall, Bakewell, Derbyshire. [12][13] All her 10 children died without issue and the last two earls, both her sons, supposedly had settled their vast estates, producing £50,000 per annum, on their mother's family, the Gladwins. In 1885 the estate was claimed, apparently without success, by Mr Gladwin Cloves Cave of Rossbrin Manor, Cork, Ireland, a great-grandson of Mrs Elizabeth Cloves, "Lady Dolly's" eldest daughter.[14]

Henry's sister Dorothy Gladwin (d.1792) married Henry's half-brother-in-law Rev. Basil Berridge, rector of Alderchurch, Lincolnshire. Her portrait painted by Joseph Wright of Derby survives.

Henry's other brother was Thomas Gladwin, a silversmith of London, who "did not prosper in the world",[15] and married Anne Gravenor, a daughter of John Gravenor, an apothecary of Ipswich. Thomas's wife is depicted as one of the daughters in the portrait circa 1754 of the Gravenor family by Thomas Gainsborough "John and Ann Gravenor, with their daughters" now in the Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Conneticut, Paul Mellon Collection.[16]

Career

Pontiac planned to take Fort Detroit, but Gladwin got wind of the plan. One romantic theory suggests that a Native American woman in love with Gladwin informed him of it. When Pontiac arrived at Fort Detroit, the British were ready. This made Pontiac retreat and set up a siege instead of taking over the fort. In Michigan, Gladwin County is named after Major Henry Gladwin. The county was named in 1831 and organized in 1875.

Marriage & progeny

In 1762 he married Frances Beridge, a daughter of Rev. John Beridge[17][18] of Barkston, Lincolnshire, by his 2nd wife Susan Rutter.[19] By Frances he had children, ten of whom survived, including:

Sons

  • Charles Dakeyne Gladwin (1775-1844), eldest son and heir, Lt-Col. of the Derbyshire Militia, who let Stubbing Court to James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline (1776-1858), Speaker of the House of Commons and moved to Belmont in the parish of Brampton, Derbyshire.[20] Charles married Mary Anne Stringer and left one daughter, Frances Gladwin, his sole heiress, who married Stephen Melland.[21] The Gladwin estates descended to Charles's great-nephew Captain Richard Henry Goodwin-Gladwin (1833-1895) of Hinchley Wood House, Ashbourne, who on 24 April 1881 assumed the surname and arms of Gladwin by royal licence.[22] Richard's own heir was his nephew (son of his sister Frances Goodwin and her husband John Errington) Gilbert Launcelot Gladwin-Errington (born 1876), of Hinchley Wood House.[23]
  • Henry Gladwin (died young)[24]

Daughters

  • Frances Gladwin[25] (1773-1841), eldest daughter, who in 1801 married Francis Goodwin (d.1836) of Hinchley Wood House, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. Their son was Rev. Henry John Goodwin (1803-1863), who married Frances Turbutt, daughter and heiress of Rev. Richard Burrow Turbutt.[26] Henry's son was Capt. Richard Henry Goodwin-Gladwin (1833-1895), the eventual heir of his great-uncle Charles Dakeyne Gladwin.
  • Dorothy Gladwin, 2nd daughter, in 1792 married Joshua Jebb[27](1769-1845) of Chesterfield. Their eldest son was Major-General Sir Joshua Jebb (1793-1863), KCB, Inspector general of military prisons[28]
  • Mary I Gladwin (died young)[29]
  • Mary II Gladwin[30](1777-1837), 3rd daughter, who in 1800 married Baldwin Duppa Duppa (1763-1847), JP, DL, of Hollingbourne House, Maidstone, Kent.[31] Their daughter Ellen Duppa (d.1878) married her 1st cousin Gladwyn Turbutt, whose descendants in 1888 on inheriting Hollingbourne assumed the name Duppa de Uphaugh.[32]
  • Ann Gladwin[33](1778-1855), 4th daughter, who in 1814 married William Turbutt (d.1836) of Ogston Hall, Alfreton, Derbyshire and Arnold Grove, Nottinghamshire. Their son was Gladwin Turbutt (1823-1872), High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1858, who married his 1st cousin Ellen Duppa.[34]
  • Charlotte Gladwin[35](born 1780), 5th daughter, who married in 1805 Rev George Hutton, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford and rector of Sutterton and Algarkirk. He was the 5th son of Thomas Hutton (1715-1774), who built Gate Burton Hall, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, in 1768.[36]
  • Martha Gladwin (1785-1817),[37] died unmarried.
  • Harriet Gladwin.[38] Her 56 page Commonplace book written between 1808 and 1810 survives in the collection of the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan[39] It contains the following: A copy of Travels through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768 (33 pages), including an account of the siege of Detroit, by Jonathan Carver (1710-1780); "An Ode to General Gladwin" by William Hayley (1745-1820), and 3 additional memorial poems and epitaphs (7 pages) for 3 members of Harriet Gladwin's family. The first is "An Epitaph on General Gladwin who departed this life on the 21 of June 179[1] in the 61st year of his age" (pp.49-51). A brief prose celebration of his military accomplishments is followed by a 10-line poem. The next memorial is dedicated "To the Memory of Jhon [John] Beridge M. D. who died Octbr. 17th 1788 aged 45" (p. 53). This 6-line poem, written by William Hayley, commemorates Harriet Gladwin's grandfather, Henry Gladwin's father-in-law. The final memorial, attributed to "G. H.," is titled "To the Memory of a beloved Wife who died May the 3d. 1810[.] By her Husband" (pp. 54-56). The poem contains reflections on mortality and on the life and qualities of the deceased.[40]
  • Ellen Gladwin[41]
  • Susannah Gladwin[42]

Death & burial

Henry Gladwin died on 22 June 1791 at Stubbing Court, Derbyshire. His obituary in the Gentleman's Magazine for July 1791 was as follows:[43]

"After a long illness at his seat al Stubbing, near Chesterfield, county Derby, Major-General Gladwin, an officer of great merit. He had served a long time in America, where he was wounded at the action with the French and and Indians at the back settlements on the banks of the river Ohio in July 1755, when Gen. Braddock, the English commander, unhappily lost his life."

Gladwin was buried in Wingerworth Church, and his monument there survives inscribed as follows:[44]

"Here lieth the remains of General H. Gladwin. He departed this life on the 22nd day of June, 1794 (sic) in the 62d year of his age. He was distinguished by all those private and social duties which constitute to the man and the Christian. Early trained to arms and martial deeds he sought for fame amidst the toils of hostile war, with that ardour which animates the breast of a brave soldier. On the plains of North America he reaped the laurels at the battles of Niagara and Ticonderoga, in which he was wounded. His courage was conspicuous and his memorable defence of Fort Detroit against the attack of the Indians will be long recorded in the annals of a grateful country. Also Mary and Henry, son and daughter of the aforesaid General H. Gladwin and his wife, who died in infancy; Martha Gladwin, their daughter who died October 1817 aged 32. Also Frances sister of the late John Beridge, of Derby, M. D., and widow of the above General Gladwin, died October 16 1817 aged 74 years."

Will

The following abstract of the will dated 20 April 1791 of "Henry Gladwin, General, of Stubbing, Derbyshire" was made by Derbyshire Record Office:[45]

"Property at Boythorpe, par. Chesterfield to his wife Frances to dispose in her will to their daughters Frances, Dorothy, Mary, Ann, Charlotte, Martha, Harriet, Ellen and Susannah; property at S Kirby, Yorkshire to be sold, and his wife to have the residue; wife to have life interest in properties at Stubbing, Walton, Wingerworth, Ashover and mines and mineral interests in Ashover and Stoney Middleton, and after his wife's death the lands in Brocklehurst, Ashover, in the possession of William Else, to daughter Harriet the rest to go to son Charles Gladwin and the heirs of his body with a remainder to Frances and her heirs; wife to have moiety of manor of Ulsoby Waterless in Ulsoby and of properties in the parishes or precincts of Claxby, Hogsthorpe, Willoughby, Ulsoby, Forthington, Skedleby, Anderby, Huttoft, Wych and Cumberworth, Lincolnshire to which she was entitled as heir-at-law of her brother, the late John Beridge of Derby, Doctor of Physic; wife Frances and Rev Basil Beridge, executors".

Sources

References

  1. ↑ http://www.dia.org/object-info/ab41eb5b-70f9-48e9-b6b7-bee9c53cb467.aspx?position=219
  2. ↑ Harleian Publication no. 38, 1895, Familiae Minorum Gentium ("Families of the Minor Gentry"), pp.616-618, pedigree of Gladwin, p.618
  3. ↑ Moore, p.606
  4. ↑ http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/1669235
  5. ↑ Russell, Peter E., biography of Henry Gladwin, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume 4 (1771-1800), 1979–2014, University of Toronto/Université Laval
  6. ↑ Moore, p.606 has incorrectly given Gen Henry Gladwin (b.1730) as a son of Thomas Gladwin, Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1667, and younger brother of Lemuel Gladwin, clearly having omitted 2 or 3 generations
  7. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  8. ↑ Moore, p.606
  9. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  10. ↑ http://www.robinhoodlegend.com/history-sherwood-7/
  11. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706; Steward of Mansfield, see several documents signed by him in Portland (London) Collection: Catalogue of Deeds and Documents from the Estates of the Dukes of Portland, 1304-1933 Several of his letters to the 3rd Duke survive in Catalogue of Papers of William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland
  12. ↑ http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/newburgh1660.htm
  13. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  14. ↑ New York Times, 25 April 1885
  15. ↑ Familiae Minorum Gentium
  16. ↑ http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/1669235
  17. ↑ Moore, p.609
  18. ↑ Descended from Rev.John Berridge (d.1698), of Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire, licenced in 1679 chaplain to William Feilding, 3rd Earl of Denbigh (1640-1685), married Dorothea Fielding, sister of Earl of Denbigh (per Familiae Minorum Gentium, p.617). Rector of Pensthorpe, Rector of Great Massingham in 1698. MA Christ's College, Oxford 1651 (Peile, John, Biographical Register of Christ's College 1505-1905, vol.1 A monumental brass exists in St Wilfred's Church, Kibworth of John Berridge (1572-1632) inscribed: H(ic) S(epultum) E(st) Iohannes Beridge s(acerdos) Theologie Professor Ecclesie Cathedralis B(eatae) Marie Lincoln Presentor atq(ue) huius ecclesie par(ochiae) annos 30 pastor eiusdemq(ue) patronus qui Londini animam Deo redidit 12 die Maii anno D(o)m(ini) 1632 aetatis suae sexagesimo. Conjugem sortitus Dorotheam filiam Ferdinandi Fielding Armigere a qua ei nati sunt 3 filie Maria, Festina et Grodhilha omnes ante patre defunctae et 10 filii: Basilius, Gulielmus, Ferdinandus, Georgius, Basilius Michael, Jacobus, Ignathius, Samuel, Johannes quos omnes (Basilio Seniore et Michaele exceptis) una cum uxore superstites reliquit. Spero videre bona tm in terra (viucutiu ?) ("Here is buried John Beridge, priest, professor of theology, Presentor of the Cathedral of St Mary of Lincoln, and pastor and patron of this parish church, who in London gave back his spirit to God on the 12th day of May of the year of our Lord 1632, of his age the sixtieth. He selected as his wife Dorothy, daughter of Ferdinand Fielding, Esquire, from whom were born to him 3 daughters: Maria, Festina and Grodhilha, all of whom died before their father, and 10 sons: Basil I, William, Ferdinand, George, Basil II, Michael, James, Ignatius, Samuel, John, all of whom (with Basil senior and Michael excepted) together with his only wife he left surviving. I hope to see ...in earth...") showing the arms of Beridge (Argent, a saltire engrailed between four escallops sable) (Burke's General Armory, 1884) impaling: Argent, on a fess azure three lozenges or (Fielding, Earl of Denbigh), with a crescent for difference
  19. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  20. ↑ Hall, Rev. George, History of Chesterfield, pp.335-6
  21. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  22. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706; Moore, p.611
  23. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  24. ↑ Monumental inscription, Wingerworth Church
  25. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  26. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706
  27. ↑ Moore, p.611
  28. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706; p.1239, pedigree of Jebb of Walton
  29. ↑ Monumental inscription, Wingerworth Church
  30. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  31. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.706; p.608, pedigree of Duppa de Uphaugh of Hollingbourne
  32. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.608, pedigree of Duppa de Uphaugh of Hollingbourne
  33. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  34. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.2300, pedigree of Turbutt of Ogston; p.608, pedigree of Duppa de Uphaugh of Hollingbourne
  35. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  36. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.1200, pedigree of Hutton of Gate Burton
  37. ↑ Monumental inscription, Wingerworth Church
  38. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  39. ↑ Manuscripts Division, 2003. M-4278,
  40. ↑ Quoted from catalogue entry William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan Manuscripts Division, 2003. M-4278
  41. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  42. ↑ Beneficiary in will of Henry Gladwin
  43. ↑ Quoted by Moore, p.610
  44. ↑ Quoted by Moore, p.610
  45. ↑ Barker family of Ashover: title deeds and family papers, Ref D1290/T/12
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