Hawkesbury, Ontario
| Hawkesbury | ||
|---|---|---|
| Town | ||
 | ||
| ||
|
Motto: "Vaillant et Veillant" (French) "Valiant and Vigilant" | ||
  Hawkesbury | ||
| Coordinates: 45°36′N 74°36′W / 45.600°N 74.600°WCoordinates: 45°36′N 74°36′W / 45.600°N 74.600°W | ||
| Country |
 Canada | |
| Province |
 Ontario | |
| County | Prescott and Russell | |
| Established | 1859 | |
| Government | ||
| • Type | Town | |
| • Mayor | René Berthiaume | |
| • Governing Body | Hawkesbury Town Council | |
| • MP | Pierre Lemieux (CPC) | |
| • MPP | Grant Crack (OLP) | |
| Area[1] | ||
| • Total | 9.46 km2 (3.65 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 33 m (108 ft) | |
| Population (2011)[1] | ||
| • Total | 10,551 | |
| • Density | 1,115.6/km2 (2,889/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | |
| Postal code | K6A | |
| Area code(s) | 613 | |
| Website | www.hawkesbury.ca | |
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Hawkesbury is a town in the Eastern portion of Southern Ontario, Canada, on the Ottawa River, near the Quebec-Ontario border.
It lies on the south shore of the Ottawa River about halfway between Downtown Ottawa and Downtown Montreal in United Counties of Prescott and Russell. The Long-Sault Bridge (replacing the Perley Bridge) links it to Grenville, Quebec, to the north. It is located 25 km west of Lachute, Quebec.
Hawkesbury is touted as the third most bilingual town in Ontario, with about 70% of its inhabitants being fluent in English and French, the two official languages of Canada. (West Nipissing is first with 73.4% followed by Hearst at 71%.) 89% of the population is made up of French speaking Franco-Ontarians. Development on the outskirts has hurt some of the business and the Main Street is slowly recovering.
History
Founded in 1798, Hawkesbury was named after Charles Jenkinson, Baron Hawkesbury.[2]
Thomas Mears and David Pattee, two Americans, entered into a partnership in 1805 to harness the power of the lower Ottawa River and built the first sawmill on the Upper Canada side of the river. The town of Hawkesbury developed around this mill.[3] Mears also built the Union, the Ottawa River's first steamer. Demand for timber during the Napoleonic Wars created a boom.
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Hamilton Sawmill, Hawkesbury, around 1859.
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Workers holding measuring sticks at the Hawkesbury Mills, around 1895.
Timber and pulp-and-paper industries have been supplanted by textiles, synthetic fibres, metal extrusions, steel, glass and plastics. Hawkesbury has also become the business and service centre of the county of Prescott-Russell, although recently Rockland has become the largest community.[4] The Grenville Canal on the Quebec side of the Ottawa River opposite Hawkesbury is an important link in the river's transportation system. The only interprovincial bridge between Ontario and Quebec east of Ottawa is located here. Part of Hawkesbury was submerged by a Hydro-Québec dam built between 1950 and 1962. New developments today are happening due to baby boomers from Ottawa, Montreal and area purchasing some of the many new condos in towers.
Climate
| Climate data for Ottawa (Ottawa Airport, 1971-2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12 (54) |
12.4 (54.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
31.1 (88) |
32.8 (91) |
36.1 (97) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.8 (100) |
35 (95) |
27.8 (82) |
23.9 (75) |
16.3 (61.3) |
37.8 (100) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −32.4 (−26.3) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −39.3 (−38.7) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.3 (57.7) |
7.8 (46) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −15.3 (4.5) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.8 (27) |
−11.1 (12) |
1.1 (34) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.6 (−32.1) |
−36.1 (−33) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
5 (41) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−3 (27) |
−7.8 (18) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−34.4 (−29.9) |
−36.1 (−33) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 70.2 (2.764) |
58.9 (2.319) |
73.9 (2.909) |
72.4 (2.85) |
79 (3.11) |
85 (3.35) |
90.6 (3.567) |
87.1 (3.429) |
85.3 (3.358) |
79.4 (3.126) |
80.1 (3.154) |
81.5 (3.209) |
943.5 (37.146) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 25.2 (0.992) |
17.6 (0.693) |
36.3 (1.429) |
60.5 (2.382) |
78.4 (3.087) |
85 (3.35) |
90.6 (3.567) |
87.1 (3.429) |
85.3 (3.358) |
74.9 (2.949) |
59.3 (2.335) |
31.3 (1.232) |
732 (28.82) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 55.2 (21.73) |
46.0 (18.11) |
39.8 (15.67) |
11.0 (4.33) |
0.6 (0.24) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
4.1 (1.61) |
21.9 (8.62) |
57.2 (22.52) |
235.7 (92.8) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 17 | 13.1 | 13.6 | 12 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 15.3 | 17.7 | 162.6 |
| Avg. rainy days | 4.5 | 3.9 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 10.4 | 5.8 | 114.8 |
| Avg. snowy days | 16.0 | 11.9 | 9.5 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 7.6 | 15.2 | 65.6 |
| Source: [5] | |||||||||||||
Media
Hawkesbury and area are served primarily by media from Montreal, and to a lesser extent by media from Ottawa. The town does, however, have two radio stations which broadcast at least partially from local studios in Hawkesbury.
Newspaper
The Review is an English-language weekly newspaper that covers the Glengarry-Prescott-Russell area, which includes Hawkesbury.
Radio
Television
- Channel 39: CHLF-TV-2, TFO
- Channel 48: CICO-TV-96, TVOntario
- Cogeco cable 11: TVCogeco (community channel)
Transportation
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.jpg)
Main Street (Westerly direction)
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Main Street (Easterly direction)
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Main Street at night
Hawkesbury is served primarily by Highway 34, a 17-kilometre spur route which connects the community to Highway 417. South of the Highway 417 interchange, a former portion of Highway 34 continues southerly to South Lancaster as Stormont, Dundas & Glengarry County Road 34. Hawkesbury is also located along Prescott and Russell County Road 17, a former routing of Highway 17 and the Trans-Canada Highway.
The town is served by three small airports:
Demographics
| Census | Population |
|---|---|
| 1841 | 250 |
| 1871 | 1,671 |
| 1881 | 1,920 |
| 1891 | 2,042 |
| 1901 | 4,150 |
| 1911 | 4,400 |
| 1921 | 5,544 |
| 1931 | 5,177 |
| 1941 | 6,249 |
| 1951 | 7,194 |
| 1961 | 8,661 |
| 1971 | 9,276 |
| 1981 | 9,877 |
| 1991 | 9,706 |
| 2001 | 10,314 |
| 2006 | 10,869 |
| 2011 | 10,551 |
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Languages
The 2006 census found that French was the mother tongue of 77% of the population, while English was the mother tongue of 16%. A very high percentage (2.7%) claim both French and English as their mother tongues. In 2006, this was the highest proportion in Canada.[8][9]
According to the 2011 census, the percentage of the population declaring solely French as a mother tongue grew to 78.6% while the proportion of the population declaring solely English as a mother tongue declined to 15.3%. The percentage claiming both French and English as their mother tongues declined below 2.00% by 2011 [10]
| First official language spoken | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| French | 8,280 | 78.6% |
| English | 1,915 | 15.3% |
| Non-official languages | 380 | 4% |
Ethnocultural ancestries
In parallel to the responses to the census question about ethnocultural ancestries, which are shown below, 1.0% of the population also reported having an Aboriginal identity, while 3.1% reported having a visible minority status (including 2.0% who identified as South Asian).[11]
Single responses: 42.4% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 25.3% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 13.4% of respondents gave a single response of French, 1.9% gave a single response of Irish, 1.9% gave a single response of English and 1.1% gave a single response of North American Indian.
Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were:
| Canadian | 67.8% |
| French | 38.7% |
| English | 7.9% |
| Irish | 6.7% |
| Scottish | 4.8% |
| North American Indian | 3.3% |
| German | 1.7% |
| Italian | 1.3% |
| Greek | 1.0% |
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents and may total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries of more than 1% are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.[12]
Education
Hawkesbury hosts many establishments in the field of education, from elementary schools to colleges and an adult campus.
Elementary Schools:
Paul VI
Marguerite Bourgeois
Nouvel Horizon
Secondary Schools:
ESCRH
Le Sommet
Post-secondary Establishments:
La Cité collégiale
elearnnetwork.ca
And other educational-based establishments:
Adult Campus of Hawkesbury
Notable people from Hawkesbury
- Bob Hartley, head coach of the Calgary Flames. The municipal arena bears his name.
- Brian Greenway, guitarist for Canadian rock bands Mashmakhan and April Wine.
See also
- List of francophone communities in Ontario
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Hawkesbury census profile". 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ↑ Hawkesbury, The Canadian Encyclopedia
- ↑ David Pattee, Dictionary of Canadian Biography online
- ↑ According to Rockland has a population of 12,637, while according to , Hawkesbury has a population of 10,314
- ↑ Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000
- ↑ "2006 Community Profiles". Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ↑ "2001 Community Profiles". Canada 2001 Census. Statistics Canada. February 17, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ↑ "Hawkesbury, T (Ont)". Population by mother tongue and age groups, percentage distribution (2006), for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities) with 5,000-plus population. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ↑ "Hawkesbury, T". Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ↑ Census Profile Hawkesbury Population in 2011
- ↑ "Hawkesbury, Ontario (Town)". 2006 Community Profiles. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ↑ "Hawkesbury, T". Ethnic Origin (247), Generation Status (4), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
External links
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