Haplogroup NO

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Haplogroup NO
Possible time of origin 34.600±4.700 years BP[1]
Possible place of origin North Eastern Asia [1]
Ancestor NOX
Descendants N, O and NO*
Defining mutations M214, P188, P192, P193, P194, P195.

In human genetics, Haplogroup NO (M214) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup NO is a descendant branch of the greater Haplogroup MNOPS (also known as K(xLT)) and a phylogenetic sibling of Haplogroup M, Haplogroup P, and Haplogroup S.

Origins

Haplogroup N and Haplogroup O originated in North East Asia, together they are overwhelmingly dominant in most populations of North and East Eurasia.

Distribution

No confirmed case of Haplogroup NO* has been found. NO-M214(xN1-LLY22g, O-M175), which potentially may belong either to Haplogroup NO* or to Haplogroup N*-M231(xN1-LLY22g), has been found in 5.7% (2/35) of a sample of Buyi[2] and in 2.9% (6/210) of a pool of four samples of Japanese, particularly in Tokushima (4/70 = 5.7%).[3] Y-DNA Haplogroup NO-M214(xN1-LLY22g, O-M175)also has been found sporadically in samples of Han Chinese,[3] Yizu,[3] Malays,[3] Mongolians,[3] Daurs,[2] Manchurian Evenks,[2] Hezhes,[2] Huis,[2] Yaos,[2] South Koreans,[2] and Sô.[4] However, the two published Han Chinese cases of NO-M214(xN1-LLY22g, O-M175) subsequently have been found to belong to N*-M231(xN1-LLY22g).[5]

A pre-NO case was found in Southern India and Was labeled haplogroup X. [6]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree[7] and subsequent published research.

  • NO (M214, P188, P192, P193, P194, P195)
    • NO*
    • N (M231) Main N Article
    • O (M175, P186, P191, P196) Main O Article

See also

Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups
MRC Y-ancestor
A00 A0'1'2'3'4
A0 A1'2'3'4
A1 A2'3'4
A2'3 A4=BCDEF
A2 A3 B CDEF
DE CF
D E C F
GHIJKLT
G HIJKLT
H IJKLT
IJ KLT
I J LT K
L T MP X S
M P NO
Q R N O
  1. ↑ van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2013). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rootsi, Siiri et al. (2007). "A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe". European Journal of Human Genetics 15 (2): 204–211. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748. PMID 17149388. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Xue, Yali; Zerjal, Tatiana; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Shu, Qunfang; Xu, Jiujin; Du, Ruofu; Fu, Songbin et al. (2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172: 2431–2439. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Hammer et al. (2005) "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," The Japan Society of Human Genetics, 2005
  4. ↑ Cai, X; Qin, Z; Wen, B; Xu, S; Wang, Y et al. (2011). "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes". PLoS ONE 6 (8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282. PMC 3164178. PMID 21904623. 
  5. ↑ Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox et al., "Major East-West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification Across Indonesia," MBE Advance Access published March 5, 2010.
  6. ↑ Gregory R Magoon, Raymond H Banks, Christian Rottensteiner, et al., Generation of high-resolution a priori Y-chromosome phylogenies using “next-generation” sequencing data, bioRxiv posted online November 22, 2013
  7. ↑ Karafet, et al. (2008). "Abstract New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree". Genome Research 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274. 

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