Haminoea

Haminoea
A shell of Haminoea zelandiae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Euopisthobranchia clade Cephalaspidea
Superfamily:	Haminoeoidea
Family:	Haminoeidae
Genus:	Haminoea Turton & Kingston in Carrington, 1830
Type species
Bulla hydatis Linnaeus, 1758

Haminoea is a genus of medium-sized sea snails or bubble snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the family Haminoeidae, the haminoea bubble snails, part of the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails.^[1]

Three different spellings (Haminoea, Haminea, Haminaea) were used for this genus over two hundred years. The ICZN finally made a decision that the correct spelling is Haminoea.^[1]

Many species within this genus have green algae growing on their shells. The posterior tip of the headshield is bilobed, except in Haminoea elegans.

Species

Species within the genus Haminoea include:

• Haminoea alfredensis P. Bartsch, 1915 - Distribution: South Africa, Length: 9–17 mm, Description: has a broad radular ribbon with about 40 teeth in each half row; translucent greenish color, dotted with yellow to orange spots.
• Haminoea angelensis F. Baker & G. D. Hanna, 1927 - Distribution: Gulf of California, Mexico, Length: 7 mm.
• Haminoea antillarum d'Orbigny, 1841 - Antilles Glassy-bubble, Antilles Paper-bubble - Distribution: Florida, Caribbean, Brazil. Length: 12–20 mm.
  • Haminoea antillarum guadaloupensis Sowerby II, 1868 - Distribution : Florida, Cuba, Guadaloupe, Length: 12–18 mm, Description: globose shell with greenish yellow color, covered with longitudinal striae (= stripes); mantle with white to greenish background with small black dots.
• Haminoea brevis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 - Distribution: Australia
• Haminoea crocata
• Haminoea curta A. Adams, 1850 - Distribution: Pacific
• Haminoea cyanomarginata Heller & Thompson, 1983
  • • Distribution : Greece, Turkey, Italy, Red Sea.
    • Length : 20 mm
    • Description: colorful animal: cream-white mantle bordered with a purple line on the parapodia, headshield and the infrapallial lobe
• Haminoea cymbalum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • • Distribution : West-Pacific, Indonesia to Hawaii, Japan
    • Length : 13– 20 mm
    • Description : translucent withgreen color (caused by growths of green algae), mottled with lightbrown spots, outlined in white, and darker brown dots; There can be a wide variation in the color pattern. This species is fairly uncommon, but, when found, it is always in large aggregations.
• Haminoea cymbiformis Carpenter, 1856
  • • Distribution : Mexico
• Haminoea elegans Gray, 1825 Atlantic Elegant Paper Bubble; Elegant Glassy Bubble
  • • Distribution : West Africa, Florida, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil
    • Length : 23.5 mm
    • Description : found at depths up to 34 m; translucent mantle with patches of brown and black; posterior end of the headshield is not bilobed; shell with spiral grooves.
• Haminoea exigua Schaefer, 1992
• Haminoea ferruginosa A. Adams, 1850
  • • Distribution : Indian Ocean
• Haminoea flavescens A. Adams
• Haminoea fusari Alvarez, E.F.García, & Villani, 1993
• Haminoea fusca Pease, 1863
  • • Distribution : Indo-Pacific
    • Length : 25 mm
    • Description : color of the shell : varies from greenish to brown, and light purple.
• Haminoea galba W. H. Pease, 1861
  • • Distribution : Indo Pacific
• Haminoea glabra A. Adams, 1850
  • • Distribution : Yucatán, Panama
    • Length : 4.3 mm
• Haminoea gracilis G. B. Sowerby III, 1897
  • • Distribution : South Africa
    • Length : 10–14 mm
• Haminoea guildingii Swainson, 1840
• Haminoea hydatis Linnaeus, 1758
  • • Distribution : SW Britain, Ireland, France and south to the Mediterranean, Madeira and Canaries; Ascension Island, St. Helena, west coast of Africa
    • Length : 8–30 mm (shell : 15 mm)
    • Description : fragile shell hidden by the mantle and parapodial lobes in crawling animals. Herbivorous swimming dark brown snail found on muddy sands, shell grit and algae fields, down to unknown depths.
• Haminoea japonica Pilsbry, 1895
• Haminoea margaritoides Kuroda & Habe, 1971 - Distribution: Japan, Length: 7 mm
• Haminoea maugeansis Burn, 1966 - Distribution: Tasmania
• Haminoea natalensis C. F. Krauss, 1848 - Distribution: South Africa, Length: 6 mm, Description: broad radular ribbon with 7 teeth in each half row.

shell of Haminoea navicula

• Haminoea navicula da Costa, 1778 - Distribution: SW Britain, south to the Mediterranean, Ascension Island, St. Helena; Atlantic and Mediterranean costas of France and Spain; Black Sea, Length: up to 70 mm (shell: 32 mm), Description: larger species, with heavier and darker-white shell; cephalic shield with short tentacular processes at front. Found on muddy sands especially among Eelgrass, Zostera marina. Does not swim. This species is able to change its color to correspond with its environment. The color pigments (or melanophores) in the skin can be obscured. The skin color can change in this way from dark brown to white in four to five hours. (Edlinger, Malacologia 22; 1982)
• Haminoea orbignyana A. de Férussac, 1822 -
  • • Distribution : France to West Africa; Mediterranean, Eastern Atlantic
    • Length : 7 mm
• Haminoea orteai F. G. García Talavera, Murillo, & Templado, 1987
  • • Distribution : Southern Spain
• Haminoea ovalis Pease, 1868
  • • Distribution : tropical West Pacific
    • Length : 10 mm
    • Description : translucent body mottled with orange or purple spots; radula with lateral teeth denticulate.
• Haminoea padangensis Thiele, 1825 Padang’s Delicate Bubble
  • • Distribution : West-Pacific
    • Length : 11 mm
• Haminoea peruviana d'Orbigny, 1842
  • • Distribution : Peru
    • Length : 11 mm
• Haminoea petersi (Martens, 1879)
• Haminoea petiti d'Orbigny, 1841 Straight Glassy-bubble
  • • Distribution: Caribbean, Florida, Colombia, Brazil
    • Length : 12 mm
• Haminoea pygmaea A. Adams, 1850
  • • Distribution : Japan
• Haminoea solitaria T. Say, 1822 Solitary Glassy-bubble, Say’s Paper-bubble, Solitary Paper-bubble
  • • Distribution : Canada, Massachusetts to Florida
    • Length : 8–19 mm
    • Description : common bubble snail; oblong smooth shell; bluish-white to yellowish-brown.
• Haminoea strongi Baker & Hanna, 1927
  • • Distribution : Gulf of California, Mexico
    • Length : 14 mm*Haminoea succinea (T.A. Conrad, 1846) Amber Glassy-bubble
    • Distribution : caribbean, Florida, Colombia, Venezuela, Bermuda
    • Length : 12 mm
• Haminoea succinea (Conrad, 1846)
• Haminoea templadoi Garcia, Perez-Hurtado & Garcia-Gomez, 1991
• Haminoea tenella (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850)
• Haminoea tenera A. Adams, 1850
  • • Distribution : Australia
• Haminoea vesicula A. A. Gould, 1855 Blister Glassy-bubble, White Paper-bubble, Gould’s Paper-bubble
  • • Distribution : West America, Alaska, Gulf of California, Mexico
    • Length : 19 mm
    • Description : common on muddy flats and on eelgrass; the middle posterior part of the cephalic shield has an indent; brown or greenish-yellowi shell; large, barrel-shaped body whorl covered by a rust periostracum; involute (= sunken) spire; long aperture; outer lip gradually increasing in width; the snail cannot retract completely into its shell.
• Haminoea virescens Sowerby, 1833 Green Glassy-bubble, Green Paper-bubble, Sowerby’s Paper-bubble
  • • Distribution : Northwestern America from Puget Sound (Seattle) to Gulf of California.
    • Length : 13–19 mm
    • Description : Thin, fragile shell is ovate and yellowish-green; involute (= sunken) spire, with small perforation; body whorl with longitudinak growth ridges and minute grooves; large aperture; thin outer lip
• Haminoea wallisi Gray, 1825
  • • Distribution : Australia
• Haminoea zelandiae Gray, 1843 White Bubble
  • • Distribution : New Zealand
    • Length : 30 mm (shell : 20 mm)
    • Description : very common; translucent snail with variable coloring, going from pale color with black dots, to a uniform black color; broad headshield; parapodia fold up and envelop most of the shell; thin, ovate translucent shell.

Species brought into synonymy

• Haminoea angusta Gould, 1859:synonym of Cylichnatys angusta (Gould, 1859)
• Haminoea callidegenita (Gibson & Chia, 1989):synonym of Haminoea japonica Pilsbry, 1895 Distribution: West America, Description: has a deeply bifurcate headshield.
• Haminoea cornea (Lamarck, 1822):synonym of Haminoea navicula (da Costa, 1778)
• Haminoea cymoelium Monterosato, 1917:synonym of Haminoea hydatis (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Haminoea grisea E.A. Smith, 1875:synonym of Cylichna alba (Brown, 1827)
• Haminoea taylorae E. J. Petuch, 1987: synonym of Haminoea elegans (Gray, 1825)

References

Further reading

• Powell A. W. B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, ISBN 0-00-216906-1
• Pownall G. (1979). New Zealand Shells and Shellfish. Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 85467-054-8
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp.
• Willan, R. (2009). Opisthobranchia (Mollusca). In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haminoea.

Wikispecies has information related to: Haminoea

• Haminoea at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
• SEM images of its radula can be found at Thompson; Bebbington (1973). Malacologia 14: 147–165. .