Hadži Mustafa Pasha

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Hajji
Mustafa Šinikdžić
Pasha

Hadži Mustafa Pasha's assassination by Kuchuk Alija, plate from 1802
Native name Hacı Mustafa Şinikoğlu Paşa
Nickname Serbian mother
Born 1733[1]
Died 15 December 1801 (aged 67–68)
Belgrade, Sanjak of Smederevo, Ottoman Empire
Rank vezier

Hadži Mustafa Pasha, Mustafa Šinikdžić,[2] Hacı Mustafa Şinikoğlu Paşa or Hajji Mustafa Pasha nicknamed Serbian mother (1733 — 15 December 1801), was a Greek Muslim[3] who lived in Sanjak of Smederevo (in modern day Serbia). Hadži Mustafa Pasha was known to have carried out a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, he was also a member of the Bektashi Order.[citation needed] He was among the notable Ottomans who had fought during the Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791) and the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774).[citation needed] In period between 1793 and 1801 he was vizier of the Sanjak of Smederevo also known as Belgrade Pashaluk. On 15 December 1801 he was murdered by Kuchuk Alija, one of four Janissary dahias who took control over the sanjak. Before his death Mustafa Pasha allegedly instructed his son, Dervish Bey, to unite his forces with Serb forces and capture Belgrade from dahias.[4]

Biography

Mustafa Pasha was main government architect Turkish: bina emin in the Pashalik of Belgrade before he became Vizier of Belgrade Pashaluk in July 1793.[5] He closely collaborated with Peter Ichko and according to some sources both of them were members of one masonic lodge.[6]

In 1793 and 1796 Selim III proclaimed firmans in which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by local Serbian rulers called ober knezes ("local dukes"), freedom of trade and religion were granted and ordinary Serbs began to live in peace.

Selim III also decreed that some unpopular Janissaries were to leave the Belgrade Pashaluk as he saw them as a threat to central authority of Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Many of those Janissaries were employed by or found refuge with Osman Pazvantoğlu, a renegade opponent of Sultan Selim III in Bulgaria. Fearing the dissolution of the Janissary command in Sanjak of Smederevo, Osman Pazvantoğlu launched a series of raids against Serbian brigands without the permission of Sultan Selim III causing much volatility and fear in the region.[7]

Mustafa Pasha engaged mercenary forces in order to fight against forces of Osman Pazvantoğlu. To finance this forces Mustafa Pasha had to increase taxes. He accepted the proposal of local ober knezes to allow them to establish their own forces consisting of 15,000 Serbs led by Serb officers, commanded by Stanko Arambašić from Veliko Selo, to prevent the rebellion because of the increased taxes.[8]

In the summer of 1797 sultan appointed Mustafa Pasha on position of beglerbeg of Rumelia Eyalet and he left Serbia for Plovdiv to fight against Pazvantoğlu.[9] During the absence of Mustafa Pasha the forces of Pazvantoğlu together with Jannisaries captured Požarevac and besieged Belgrade fortress.[10] At the end of November 1797 ober knezes from Valjevo Aleksa Nenadović, Ilija Birčanin and Nikola Grbović brought their forces to Belgrade and forced besieging Janissary forces to retreat to Smederevo.[11][12]

In January 1798 Mustafa Pasha ordered his forces together with Serb forces under command of Ilija Birčanin to attack Janissary forces in Smederevo.[13]

However, on January 30, 1799, the court of Sultan Selim III allowed the Janissaries to return, referring to them as local Muslims from the Sanjak of Smederevo. Initially the Janisaries accepted the authority of the Belgrade Pasha under Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Until a Janissary in Šabac, named Bego Novljanin, demanded from a Serb a surcharge and murdered the Serb when he refused to pay. Fearing the worst Hadži Mustafa Pasha, marched on Šabac with a force of 600 to ensure that the Janissary was brought to justice and order was restored. Hadži Mustafa Pasha was assissanited by Kuchuk Alija on 15 December 1801.[14]

Citations

  1. ↑ Posebna izdanja. 64-66. Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. 1927. p. 128. "Када је Хаџи-Мустафа постављен за београдског пашу било му је шесет година" 
  2. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    Taj kapidži-baša bio je glavom Hadži Mustava-paša Šinikdžić (Šinik-oglu), raniji nadzornih javnih gradnja (bina-emin) u Beogradu
  3. ↑ Posebna izdanja. 64-66. Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. 1927. p. 128. 
  4. ↑ Paxton, Roger Viers (1968). Russia and the first Serbian revolution: a diplomatic and political study, the initial phase, 1804-1807. Dept. of History. p. 28. 
  5. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    Hadži Mustafa postao je beogradski vezir jula meseca 1793
  6. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    Ima vesti, da su Mustafa i Ičko bili u tešnjim vezama i kao članovi jedne slobodnozidarske lože u Beogradu, kojoj je možda pripadao i Aziz efendija.
  7. ↑ von Ranke, Leopold, ed. (1973), History of Servia and the Servian Revolution (Europe 1815-1945 Series), Da Capo Pr, ISBN 978-0-306-70051-4 
  8. ↑ Filipović, Stanoje R. (1982). Podrinsko-kolubarski region. RNIRO "Glas Podrinja". p. 60. "На чело српског одреда, у који се пријавило 15.000 Срба, био је постављен Станко Арамбашић из Великог Села. То је био зачетак српске народне војске која је иступила у одбрану Београдског пашалука од јаничара крајем новембра 1797." 
  9. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    U leto 1797. sultan ga je imenovao za rumeliskog begler-bega i Mustafa je otišao u Plovdiv, da rukovodi akcijom protiv buntovnika iz Vidina i u Rumeliji.
  10. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    Za vreme njegova otsutstva vidinski gospodar sa janičarima naredio je brz napad i potukao je srpsku i pašinu vojsku kod Požarevca, pa je prodro sve do Beograda i zauzeo samu varoš.
  11. ↑ Filipović, Stanoje R. (1982). Podrinsko-kolubarski region. RNIRO "Glas Podrinja". p. 60. "Ваљевски кнезови Алекса Ненадовић, Илија Бирчанин и Никола Грбовић довели су своју војску у Београд и учествовали у оштрој борби са јаничарима који су се побеђени повукли." 
  12. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    Pred sam Božić stigoše u pomoć valjevski Srbi i sa njihovom pomoću turska gradska posada odbi napadače i očisti grad. Ilija Birčanin gonio je "Vidinlije" sve do Smedereva.
  13. ↑ Filipović, Stanoje R. (1982). Podrinsko-kolubarski region. RNIRO "Glas Podrinja". p. 60. 
  14. ↑ Ćorović 1997
    janjičari ga 15. decembra 1801. ubiše u beogradskom gradu. Potom uzeše vlast u svoje ruke, spremni da je brane svima sredstvima. Kao glavne njihove vođe istakoše se četiri dahije: Kučuk Alija, pašin ubica, Aganlija, Mula Jusuf i Mehmed-aga Fočić.

Sources

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