Gwendoline Davies

Gwendoline Elizabeth Davies, CH (11 February 1882 – 3 July 1951), was Welsh philanthropist and patron of the arts who, together with her sister Margaret, is recognised as the most influential collector of Impressionist and 20th-century art in Wales. She and her sister were independently wealthy, their fortune inherited from the businesses created by their grandfather, the industrialist David Davies. Davies and her sister created one of the most important private collections of art in Britain and donated their total of 260 works to what is now the National Museum Wales in the mid-20th century.

Early life and education

Gwendoline Davies was born at Llandinam, her father Edward being the only son of David Davies, an industrialist and philanthropist. Her brother was David Davies, 1st Baron Davies and her sister Margaret. Both girls were educated at Highfield School in Hendon.

Gwendoline and Margaret Davies bought the mansion of Gregynog just after the First World War, and set up an arts centre there. In 1923 the sisters launched the Gregynog Press, printing fine limited editions in both English and Welsh.

About 1908 while traveling in Europe, the sisters began to collect art. In particular, they purchased many works by the Impressionists and post-Impressionists, although they also acquired holdings of 20th-century modern artists, such as Josef Herman, Oskar Kokoschka, Augustus John, Stanley Spencer, Frank Brangwyn, and Eric Gill. They bequeathed their joint collection of 260 works to the National Museum of Wales, forming the nucleus in the mid-20th century of its international art collection and greatly expanding its range. It has been called "one of the great British art collections of the 20th century."^[1] Among these were seven oil paintings that had been bought as Turners (including The Beacon Light).^[2] Three of these were subsequently judged to be fake and withdrawn from display. These works were re-examined by the BBC TV programme, Fake or Fortune where they were reinstated as genuine Turners. All seven paintings will now be exhibited together.

Whereas art was Margaret's passion, Gwen was a talented amateur musician. From 1933 to 1938, they sponsored the Gregynog Music Festival at their estate, a 3-4 day affair that included poetry readings. The festivals played host to important composers and other musical figures of the period, including Ralph Vaughan Williams, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst, "the conductor Adrian Boult, and the poet Lascelles Abercrombie; and performers including Jelly d'Arányi and the Rothschild Quartet."^[3]

The sisters ended the festival during the build-up to the Second World War. It was revived during 1955-1961 by Ian Parrott, who was Gregynog Professor of Music at Aberystwyth for more than 30 years. The festival was revived again in 1988 by the tenor Anthony Rolfe Johnson. It continues under Rhian Davies's direction.^[3]

Neither of the sisters married. Gwen died in Oxford. Her ashes were buried at her birthplace of Llandinam, as were her sister's after her death in 1961.

Gwendoline Elizabeth Davies should not be confused with the Hon. Gwendoline Rita Jean Davies (born 1929), the daughter of her brother, David Davies, 1st Baron Davies.

Legacy and honours

• 1937, Gwen Davies was created a Companion of Honour.
• 1953 and 1961, the Davies Sisters collection was bequeathed to the National Museum Wales.
• 1967, the Davies Memorial Gallery was purpose-built in Newtown, Powys with a legacy left by the Davies sisters. In January 2003, after major refurbishment, the Gallery re-opened as Oriel Davies Gallery in recognition of the sisters.
• 1988, the Gregynog Festival was revived.

References

Sources

• "Gwendoline Davies", Welsh Biography Online
• BBC