Guided democracy

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Guided democracy, also called managed democracy,[1] is a term for a democratic government with increased autocracy. Governments are legitimated by elections that are free and fair but emptied of substantive meaning in their ability to change the State's policies, motives, and goals.[2]

In other words, the government has learned to control elections so that the people can exercise all their rights without truly changing public policy. While they follow basic democratic principles, there can be major deviations towards authoritarianism. Under managed democracy, the electorate is prevented from having a significant impact on policies adopted by the State's continuous use of propaganda techniques.[3]

The concept of a "guided democracy" was developed in the 20th century by Walter Lippmann in his seminal work "Public Opinion" (1922) and by Edward Louis Bernays in his work "Crystallizing Public Opinion".

After the second world war the term was used for Indonesia under the Sukarno-regime from 1945 to 1967. It is today widely employed in Russia, where it was introduced into common practice by the Kremlin theorists, in particular Gleb Pavlovsky [4] and also the United States of America according to Princeton professor Sheldon Wolin and his theories regarding inverted totalitarianism.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rohmann, C (2000) A World of Ideas : The Dictionary of Important Ideas and Thinkers, Ballantine Books ISBN 978-0-345-43706-8
  2. ↑ Wolin, Sheldon S. (2008). Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13566-5.  p. 47
  3. ↑ Wolin, Sheldon S. (2008). Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13566-5.  p. 60
  4. ↑ Weir, Fred (October 1, 2003). "Kremlin lobs another shot at marketplace of ideas". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2009-11-10. 

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