Guess (clothing)

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Guess, Inc.
Type Public
Traded as NYSE: GES
Industry Fashion
Founded 1981
Headquarters Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Number of locations 484 (April 2011)[1]
Key people Paul Marciano, co-chairman, co-CEO
Maurice Marciano, co-chairman, co-CEO
Products Clothing
Revenue Increase $1.19 billion (2006) [2]
Net income Increase $123.2 million (2006)
Employees 8,800 (2006)
Website www.guess.com

Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?) is an American upscale clothing line brand. Guess also markets other fashion accessories besides clothes, such as watches, jewelry and perfumes. The company also owns the line Marciano.

Founding

Brothers Paul and Maurice Marciano moved to Los Angeles in 1981 and opened their first store in upscale Beverly Hills area. Guess soon began advertising, and later introduced their iconic black-and-white ads in 1985.[3] The ads have won numerous Clio Awards. Their fashion models have included a number of supermodels, many of whom, such as Claudia Schiffer, Anna Nicole Smith, Eva Herzigova, Valeria Mazza, Kate Upton, Julia Lescova, and Laetitia Casta,[4] first achieved prominence via these ad campaigns.

In the 1985 Robert Zemeckis movie, Back to the Future, Marty McFly (Michael J Fox) wore distinctive Guess denim clothing,[5] reportedly designed specifically for the film.[3]

The Guess emblem with the famous question mark in the center.

During the 1980s Guess was one of the most popular brands of jeans. The company was one of the first companies to create designer jeans. While the first jeans were for women, in 1983 a men's line debuted. In 1984 Guess introduced its new line of watches known as "Guess", "Guess Steel", and the "Guess Collection". The watch line is still in existence today, and has been joined by a number of other accessory sidelines. In 1984, they also introduced a line of baby's clothes, called "Baby Guess". The line is now incorporated with clothing for toddlers and kids called GUESS kids.[3][6]

Guess Home brand

Guess store in the Philippines

In the 1990s, Milica, Aleksia and Milos[7] had a division called Guess Home, which featured youthful, upscale bedding collections (Guess was the first company to package each sheet, duvet and pillowcase pair in packaging actually made from sheeting material, which was a clever way to show what the pattern really looked like) as well as a number of innovative towel collections. By the end of the decade, sales dropped and Guess discontinued their home division.[8]

Slowdown

After Abigail's line in the 1980s the company began to take a downturn during the nineties, as other companies such as Calvin Klein, Diesel, Tommy Hilfiger, and Gap began rising in popularity. Guess' sales suffered, and its stock dropped dramatically.

Improved sales

Previous logo.

In the 2000s, the company promoted a different look and sense of style, while the controversy that surrounded the company during the nineties (see below) was largely forgotten. As the marketing ads grew increasingly sexier, Guess's sales began to take a turn for the better. In 2005, Guess began catching the eye of many new people (mainly teens) who were unaware of Guess's earlier history. Since mid-2003, the Guess stock has continuously risen, eliciting nothing but positive reviews from stock holders and Wall Street, though the wider community has more mixed opinions. Recently, the clothing and accessories company has redesigned itself, offering several new aspects to the company.[9]

Guess store in Century City - Cape Town

Since Guess was looking to make its impact once again on the fashion market, the Marciano brothers called upon hotel heiress and fashion mogul Paris Hilton to feature in a new series of ads.

Today

Guess retail store on the Magnificent Mile in Chicago
Guess store at MS Allure of the Seas

On January 26, 2001, Guess? Inc. restated previous results for fiscal 2000 after deciding to write down impaired inventory.[10] In 2004, Guess celebrated the 20th anniversary of its watch collection, issuing a special-edition Guess watch. The accessories department was also greatly expanded and several stores across the United States were redesigned. Guess also created a lower priced collection sold exclusively through its outlet locations. Guess also introduced its first brand extension, the up-scale female line of clothing and accessories, named Marciano. The line features pricey, runway-inspired styles, and is featured in several retail locations throughout the world, as well as select Guess retail stores.[11]

In 2005, Guess began marketing perfume. The company introduced Guess for Women in the spring of 2005. Guess introduced the Guess for Men line in the spring of 2006. Guess has also continued its Guess Kids clothing line into the 2000s, and in 2006, Guess began promoting the clothing line for girls and boys through its factory retail stores. Guess continues to be guided by the Marciano brothers, as co-chairmen and co-CEOs. Maurice Marciano has overseen the design and its sales growth, while Paul manages the image and advertising. The company operates in many countries around the world with the majority of their stores located in the United States and Canada. During these years, the image of Guess was introduced in unforgettable innovative campaigns that have made the brand a family. Guess has licensees and distributors in South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Latin America, and the Middle East.[citation needed] Guess has been proven to be highly successful in South Africa with stores located in almost every major city of the country. Most notably the Guess Century City, V&A Waterfront (Cape Town - Western Cape), Sandton City (Gauteng) and Eastgate Mall (Kwazulu Natal) stores.

In early 2007, Guess introduced a new business concept known as G by Guess. The new brand sought to focus on a target audience similar to Abercrombie's Hollister brand. G by Guess targets men and women of ages 16–23 with more competitive prices and a style that gives a "nod to old Hollywood." Many denim styles are priced within the $40 to $50 range. The new brand is priced similarly to Express, American Eagle and Gap. Guess has already begun heavily promoting the new concept in several cities across the United States. Their stores feature eye-catching displays and offer a sassy night-club atmosphere.

Around the same time, Guess disabled their Guess Factory website. The outlet website offered similar styles at similar prices as the G by Guess line. The company's factory stores will still remain open at their respective outlet mall locations, however the discount product is no longer available through an online retailer.

In November 2006, Guess introduced their Marciano men's line, which is available exclusively through Guess.com, and select Guess and Marciano retailers throughout the country. As of November 2006 the new men's collection features button up shirts, blazers, and dress pants. The men's line will, like the women's line, be developed and manufactured in Florence, Italy; and will be available for a higher price. As of January 2007, the Marciano men's line was pulled from Guess? stores due to lackluster sales. The merchandise was marked down, and will be sent to factory outlet stores upon deletion. After the success of the fragrance line which included scents for both men and women, Smesh? introduced two new fragrances. Guess Gold was the latest addition to the women's collection, while Guess Suede was the second installment for the men's fragrance. scents retail for around $50 and are available in several retail locations.

With their Spring 2007 collection, Guess entered a new phase with their GC watch collection. The newest additions are in response to the growing demand for designer watches featuring eye-catching designs, and high-end prices. The new watches help to expand the popular GC collection, and help to separate it from the mid-price watches Guess has come to be known for. Moving away from the traditional steel material used to produce the majority of Guess? watches, the company along with Callanen International, the producer of Guess? watches have introduced gold, silver, and diamonds into the designs. The new products are all Swiss made, and boast a much higher pricer. The GC men's collection now range between $200 and $1,200, while the women's watches are being sold between $200 and $1,000. TAG Heuer, Dolce & Gabbana, and Fendi all place the highest on Guess's competition with entry level high-end watches. D&G, in late 2006 launched a massive campaign promoting their new D&G watch collection, marketing on such TV

During the first half of 2007, Guess introduced a new line, G by Guess. In October 2008, they opened up at Westfield Shopping Centre in London and there are plans to open a branch in Regent Street for autumn 2009.

In 2012, supermodel Claudia Schiffer posed again for Guess black and white ads marking the brand's 30th anniversary.[12]

Controversy

Sweatshop allegations

Rage Against The Machine's anti-sweatshop poster targeted at Guess?, ca. 1997

During the 1980s, the company's image was damaged when allegations of sweatshop labor use surfaced. Guess was quickly marked as a major offender. In 1992, Guess contractors faced litigation from the US Department of Labor (DOL) due to failure to pay their employees the minimum wage or adequate overtime. Rather than face a court case, $573,000 in back wages was paid to employees.[13][14]

Soon afterward, Guess promised to monitor their contractors for illegal activity, and the company earned a place on the US DOL's 'Trendsetters List', but this position was suspended several years later in 1996 after independent inspectors found violations of regulations at seven of the company's contractors. In the same year the company was sued by the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE), again due to the failure to pay the minimum wage or overtime to workers. The settlement, supervised by the US Department of Labor, saw the reinstatement of 8 workers found to have been illegally fired and another $80,000 in back pay given to workers, but almost immediately afterward Guess announced that it was moving its sewing production to Mexico. The company denied that the move was related to these court cases, but its public image continued to suffer.

Throughout the nineties, UNITE continued a public relations campaign against Guess, focusing on the experiences of former employees. Billboards subsequently appeared in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and New York featuring a photograph of Rage Against the Machine with the caption "Rage Against Sweatshops: We Don't Wear Guess – A Message from Rage Against The Machine and UNITE. Injustice. Don't buy it."[15] Eventually, Guess countered with a defamation suit against Unite and several of its officials, while in 1997 the company ran full-page ads in many major American newspapers claiming that its contractors were "guaranteed 100% free of sweatshop labour". The wording of these ads was changed after federal authorities complained that the claims had not been made by anyone in the government and had no official status. Guess especially began expanding in the less competitive and increasingly lucrative European and Japanese markets.

Restatement

On February 14, 2000, the company restated its figure in income statement of 1999.[16]

"Ski Colombia: Always Plenty of Fresh Powder" T-shirts

In 2005 Guess pulled a line of t-shirts from the market after Erika Becker-Medina , a DC area resident and government employee, spearheaded a campaign calling for the boycott of the company. "Ski Colombia: Always Plenty of Fresh Powder" was designed on the t-shirts released by the company in the second quarter of 2005, apparently in reference to Colombia's drug-trafficking problem. Guess distributed letters of apology.[17]

References

  1. ↑ GUESS?, INC. REPORTS FIRST QUARTER RESULTS
  2. ↑ Company Financials
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Guess, Inc. Company History". Funding Universe. Retrieved February 5, 2012. 
  4. ↑ Meet New Guess Girl Alyssa Miller!. Teen Vogue.
  5. ↑ Interview with Michael J Fox, The Guardian, 11 April 2009
  6. ↑ "Guess kids". Retrieved 5 February 2012. 
  7. ↑ http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Guess-Inc-company-History.html
  8. ↑ "Guess Profile". Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved 5 February 2012. 
  9. ↑ "New Guess Concept Store Opens in Europe". Retrieved 6 February 2012. 
  10. ↑ "Guess? warns of Q4 loss, weaker-than-expected 2001". Dow Jones Reuters. 
  11. ↑ Sofroina Timmons. "GUESS! Who? GUESS by Marciano!". 
  12. ↑ Krupnick, Ellie (28 March 2012). "PHOTOS: Claudia Schiffer Returns To Guess For 30th Anniversary". Huffington Post. 
  13. ↑ "Guess? What". New Internationalist Magazine. Retrieved 6 February 2012. 
  14. ↑ "All in the Jeans". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 6 February 2012. 
  15. ↑ Band timeline
  16. ↑ "Guess ?, Inc. Reports 47% Fourth Quarter Revenue Growth". 
  17. ↑ "Guess Who's Unhappy With the IRS?". Brown & Company. Retrieved 6 February 2012. 

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