Group 4 compression

CCITT Group 4 compression, also referred to as G4 or Modified Modified READ (MMR), is a lossless method of image compression used in Group 4 fax machines, and document scanners defined in the ITU-T T.6 fax standard. It is only used for bitonal (black and white) images. Group 4 compression is based on the Group 3 two-dimensional compression scheme (G3-2D), also known as Modified READ, which is in turn based on the Group 3 one-dimensional compression scheme (G3), also known as Modified Huffman coding, both of which are specified in ITU-T T.4. Group 4 compression is available in many proprietary image file formats as well as standardized formats such as TIFF, CALS, and the PDF document format.

G4 offers a small improvement over G3-2D by removing the end of line (EOL) codes. G3 and G4 compression both treat an image as a series of horizontal black strips on a white page. Better compression is achieved when there are fewer unique black dots/lines on the page. Both G3-2D and G4 add a two dimensional feature to achieve greater compression by taking advantage of vertical symmetry. A worst-case image would be an alternating pattern of single pixel black and white dots offset by one pixel on even/odd lines. G4 compression would actually increase the file size on this type of image. G4 typically achieves a 20:1 compression ratio.^{[citation needed]} For a 8.5"x11" page scanned at 200DPI, this equates to a reduction from 456.54 kB to 22.82 kB.

See also

• JBIG2
• Binary image
• Digital fax compressions

External links

• "Group 4 Compression". GraphicsAcademy.com. Retrieved March 4, 2010. 
• "T.6: Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for Group 4 facsimile apparatus". ITU-T. November 1988. Retrieved 2013-12-28.