Grimms' Fairy Tales

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For the comic series, see Grimm Fairy Tales (comics).
Not to be confused with Grimm Tales (disambiguation) or Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics.
Children's and Household Tales
or
Grimm's Fairy Tales

Frontispiece of first volume of Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812)
Author Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
Country Germany
Language German
Genre
Publisher Various
Publication date
 1812
ISBN n/a

Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen) is a collection of German fairy tales first published in 1812 by the Grimm brothers, Jacob and Wilhelm. The collection is commonly known in the Anglosphere as Grimm's Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Elfenmärchen).

Composition

The first volume of the first edition was published in 1812, containing 86 stories; the second volume of 70 stories followed in 1815. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totalling 170 tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also subtracted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. All editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by German illustrator Robert Leinweber.[citation needed]

The first volumes were much criticized because, although they were called "Children's Tales", they were not regarded as suitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter.[1] Many changes through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in Snow White and Hansel and Gretel (shown in original Grimm stories as Hänsel and Grethel) to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such suitability. They removed sexual references—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus naïvely revealing her pregnancy and the prince's visits to her stepmother—but, in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased.[2]

In 1825 the Brothers published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition", a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.

Influence

The influence of these books was widespread. W. H. Auden praised the collection, during World War II, as one of the founding works of Western culture.[3] The tales themselves have been put to many uses. Hitler praised them as folkish tales showing children with sound racial instincts seeking racially pure marriage partners, and so strongly that the Allied forces warned against them;[4] for instance, Cinderella with the heroine as racially pure, the stepmother as an alien, and the prince with an unspoiled instinct being able to distinguish.[5] Writers who have written about the Holocaust have combined the tales with their memoirs, as Jane Yolen in her Briar Rose.[6]

The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales.[7] There was not always a pleased reaction to their collection. Joseph Jacobs was in part inspired by his complaint that English children did not read English fairy tales;[8] in his own words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed".

Three individual works of Wilhelm Grimm include Altdänische Heldenlieder, Balladen und Märchen ('Old Danish Heroic Songs, Ballads, and Folktales') in 1811, Über deutsche Runen ('On German Runes') in 1821, and Die deutsche Heldensage ('The German Heroic Saga') in 1829.

On 20 December 2012 the search engine Google honoured the 200th anniversary of the Grimms' Fairy Tales with an interactive Doodle.[9]

List of fairy tales

Grimm Brothers
Further information: List of fairy tales

The code "KHM" stands for Kinder- und Hausmärchen, the original title. All editions from 1812 until 1857 split the stories into two volumes.

Volume 1

Monument to brothers Grimm on the market place in Hanau. (Hessen, Germany)
Frontispiece used for the first volume of the 1840 4th edition

Volume 2

Frontispiece used for the second volume of the 1840 4th edition. The portrait by Ludwig Emil Grimm bears resemblance to the storyteller Dorothea Viehmann.
  • KHM 87: The Poor Man and the Rich Man (Der Arme und der Reiche)
  • KHM 88: The Singing, Springing Lark (Das singende springende Löweneckerchen)
  • KHM 89: The Goose Girl (Die Gänsemagd)
  • KHM 90: The Young Giant (Der junge Riese)
  • KHM 91: The Gnome (Dat Erdmänneken)
  • KHM 92: The King of the Gold Mountain (Der König vom goldenen Berg)
  • KHM 93: The Raven (Die Raben)
  • KHM 94: The Peasant's Wise Daughter (Die kluge Bauerntochter)
  • KHM 95: Old Hildebrand (Der alte Hildebrand)
  • KHM 96: The Three Little Birds (De drei Vügelkens)
  • KHM 97: The Water of Life (Das Wasser des Lebens)
  • KHM 98: Doctor Know-all (Doktor Allwissend)
  • KHM 99: The Spirit in the Bottle (Der Geist im Glas)
  • KHM 100: The Devil's Sooty Brother (Des Teufels rußiger Bruder)
  • KHM 101: Bearskin (Bärenhäuter)
  • KHM 102: The Willow Wren and the Bear (Der Zaunkönig und der Bär)
  • KHM 103: Sweet Porridge (Der süße Brei)
  • KHM 104: Wise Folks (Die klugen Leute)
  • KHM 105: Tales of the Paddock (Märchen von der Unke)
  • KHM 106: The Poor Miller's Boy and the Cat (Der arme Müllersbursch und das Kätzchen)
  • KHM 107: The Two Travelers (Die beiden Wanderer)
  • KHM 108: Hans My Hedgehog (Hans mein Igel)
  • KHM 109: The Shroud (Das Totenhemdchen)
  • KHM 110: The Jew Among Thorns (Der Jude im Dorn)
  • KHM 111: The Skillful Huntsman (Der gelernte Jäger)
  • KHM 112: The Flail from Heaven (Der Dreschflegel vom Himmel)
  • KHM 113: The Two Kings' Children (Die beiden Königskinder)
  • KHM 114: The Clever Little Tailor (vom klugen Schneiderlein)
  • KHM 115: The Bright Sun Brings it to Light (Die klare Sonne bringt's an den Tag)
  • KHM 116: The Blue Light (Das blaue Licht)
  • KHM 117: The Willful Child (Das eigensinnige Kind)
  • KHM 118: The Three Army Surgeons (Die drei Feldscherer)
  • KHM 119: The Seven Swabians (Die sieben Schwaben)
  • KHM 120: The Three Apprentices (Die drei Handwerksburschen)
  • KHM 121: The King's Son Who Feared Nothing (Der Königssohn, der sich vor nichts fürchtete)
  • KHM 122: Donkey Cabbages (Der Krautesel)
  • KHM 123: The Old Woman in the Wood (Die alte im Wald)
  • KHM 124: The Three Brothers (Die drei Brüder)
  • KHM 125: The Devil and His Grandmother (Der Teufel und seine Großmutter)
  • KHM 126: Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful (Ferenand getrü und Ferenand ungetrü)
  • KHM 127: The Iron Stove (Der Eisenofen)
  • KHM 128: The Lazy Spinner (Die faule Spinnerin)
  • KHM 129: The Four Skillful Brothers (Die vier kunstreichen Brüder)
  • KHM 130: One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes (Einäuglein, Zweiäuglein und Dreiäuglein)
  • KHM 131: Fair Katrinelje and Pif-Paf-Poltrie (Die schöne Katrinelje und Pif Paf Poltrie)
  • KHM 132: The Fox and the Horse (Der Fuchs und das Pferd)
  • KHM 133: The Shoes that were Danced to Pieces (Die zertanzten Schuhe)
  • KHM 134: The Six Servants (Die sechs Diener)
  • KHM 135: The White and the Black Bride (Die weiße und die schwarze Braut)
  • KHM 136: Iron John (Eisenhans)
  • KHM 137: The Three Black Princesses (De drei schwatten Prinzessinnen)
  • KHM 138: Knoist and his Three Sons (Knoist un sine dre Sühne)
  • KHM 139: The Maid of Brakel (Dat Mäken von Brakel)
  • KHM 140: My Household (Das Hausgesinde)
  • KHM 141: The Lambkin and the Little Fish (Das Lämmchen und das Fischchen)
  • KHM 142: Simeli Mountain (Simeliberg)
  • KHM 143: Going a Traveling (Up Reisen gohn) appeared in the 1819 edition
  • KHM 144: The Donkey (Das Eselein)
  • KHM 145: The Ungrateful Son (Der undankbare Sohn)
  • KHM 146: The Turnip (Die Rübe)
  • KHM 147: The Old Man Made Young Again (Das junggeglühte Männlein)
  • KHM 148: The Lord's Animals and the Devil's (Des Herrn und des Teufels Getier)
  • KHM 149: The Beam (Der Hahnenbalken)
  • KHM 150: The Old Beggar Woman (Die alte Bettelfrau)
  • KHM 151: The Twelve Idle Servants (Die zwölf faulen Knechte)
  • KHM 151: The Three Sluggards (Die drei Faulen)
  • KHM 152: The Shepherd Boy (Das Hirtenbüblein)
  • KHM 153: The Star Money (Die Sterntaler)
  • KHM 154: The Stolen Farthings (Der gestohlene Heller)
  • KHM 155: Looking for a Bride (Die Brautschau)
  • KHM 156: The Hurds (Die Schlickerlinge)
  • KHM 157: The Sparrow and His Four Children (Der Sperling und seine vier Kinder)
  • KHM 158: The Story of Schlauraffen Land (Das Märchen vom Schlaraffenland)
  • KHM 159: The Ditmarsch Tale of Lies (Das dietmarsische Lügenmärchen)
  • KHM 160: A Riddling Tale (Rätselmärchen)
  • KHM 161: Snow-White and Rose-Red (Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot)
  • KHM 162: The Wise Servant (Der kluge Knecht)
  • KHM 163: The Glass Coffin (Der gläserne Sarg)
  • KHM 164: Lazy Henry (Der faule Heinz)
  • KHM 165: The Griffin (Der Vogel Greif)
  • KHM 166: Strong Hans (Der starke Hans)
  • KHM 167: The Peasant in Heaven (Das Bürli im Himmel)
  • KHM 168: Lean Lisa (Die hagere Liese)
  • KHM 169: The Hut in the Forest (Das Waldhaus)
  • KHM 170: Sharing Joy and Sorrow (Lieb und Leid teilen)
  • KHM 171: The Willow Wren (Der Zaunkönig)
  • KHM 172: The Sole (Die Scholle)
  • KHM 173: The Bittern and the Hoopoe (Rohrdommel und Wiedehopf)
  • KHM 174: The Owl (Die Eule)
  • KHM 175: The Moon (Der Mond)
  • KHM 176: The Duration of Life (Die Lebenszeit)
  • KHM 177: Death's Messengers (Die Boten des Todes)
  • KHM 178: Master Pfreim (Meister Pfriem)
  • KHM 179: The Goose-Girl at the Well (Die Gänsehirtin am Brunnen)
  • KHM 180: Eve's Various Children (Die ungleichen Kinder Evas)
  • KHM 181: The Nixie of the Mill-Pond (Die Nixe im Teich)
  • KHM 182: The Little Folks' Presents (Die Geschenke des kleinen Volkes)
  • KHM 183: The Giant and the Tailor (Der Riese und der Schneider)
  • KHM 184: The Nail (Der Nagel)
  • KHM 185: The Poor Boy in the Grave (Der arme Junge im Grab)
  • KHM 186: The True Bride (Die wahre Braut)
  • KHM 187: The Hare and the Hedgehog (Der Hase und der Igel)
  • KHM 188: Spindle, Shuttle, and Needle (Spindel, Weberschiffchen und Nadel)
  • KHM 189: The Peasant and the Devil (Der Bauer und der Teufel)
  • KHM 190: The Crumbs on the Table (Die Brosamen auf dem Tisch)
  • KHM 191: The Sea-Hare (Das Meerhäschen)
  • KHM 192: The Master Thief (Der Meisterdieb)
  • KHM 193: The Drummer (Der Trommler)
  • KHM 194: The Ear of Corn (Die Kornähre)
  • KHM 195: The Grave Mound (Der Grabhügel)
  • KHM 196: Old Rinkrank (Oll Rinkrank)
  • KHM 197: The Crystal Ball (Die Kristallkugel)
  • KHM 198: Maid Maleen (Jungfrau Maleen)
  • KHM 199: The Boots of Buffalo Leather (Der Stiefel von Büffelleder)
  • KHM 200: The Golden Key (Der goldene Schlüssel)

The children's legends (Kinder-legende)
first appeared in the G. Reimer 1819 edition at the end of volume 2

  • KHM 201: Saint Joseph in the Forest (Der heilige Joseph im Walde)
  • KHM 202: The Twelve Apostles (Die zwölf Apostel)
  • KHM 203: The Rose (Die Rose)
  • KHM 204: Poverty and Humility Lead to Heaven (Armut und Demut führen zum Himmel)
  • KHM 205: God's Food (Gottes Speise)
  • KHM 206: The Three Green Twigs (Die drei grünen Zweige)
  • KHM 207: The Blessed Virgin's Little Glass (Muttergottesgläschen) or Our Lady's Little Glass
  • KHM 208: The Little Old Lady (Das alte Mütterchen) or The Aged Mother
  • KHM 209: The Heavenly Marriage (Die himmlische Hochzeit) or The Heavenly Wedding
  • KHM 210: The Hazel Branch (Die Haselrute)
  • KHM 211: In a Glass Grimmly

No longer included in last edition

  • Das Birnli has not fallen
  • Blaubart (Bluebeard)
  • Die drei Schwestern (The Three Sisters)
  • Die Prinzessin auf der Erbse (Princess and the Pea)
  • Der Faule und der Fleißige (The sluggard and the diligent)
  • Der gestiefelte Kater (Puss in Boots)
  • Der gute Lappen (Fragment) (The good rag)
  • Die Hand mit dem Messer (The hand with the knife)
  • Hans Dumm
  • Die heilige Frau Kummernis (The holy woman Kummernis)
  • Hurleburlebutz
  • Die Krähen (The Crows)
  • Der Löwe und der Frosch (The Lion and the Frog)
  • Das Mörderschloss (The Murder Castle)
  • Der Okerlo (The Okerlo)
  • Prinzessin Mäusehaut (Princess Mouse Skin)
  • Der Räuber und seine Söhne (The Robber and His Sons)
  • Schneeblume (Snow Flowers)
  • Der Soldat und der Schreiner (The Soldier and the Carpenter)
  • Der Tod und der Gänsehirt (Death and the Goose herder)
  • Die treuen Tiere (The faithful animals)
  • Das Unglück (The Accident)
  • Vom Prinz Johannes (Fragment) (Of Prince Johannes)
  • Vom Schreiner und Drechsler (From the Maker and Turner)
  • Von der Nachtigall und der Blindschleiche (The nightingale and the slow worm)
  • Von der Serviette, dem Tornister, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn (Of the napkin, the knapsack, the Cannon guarding flax, and the Horn)
  • Wie Kinder Schlachtens miteinander gespielt haben (How children played slaughter with each other)
  • Der wilde Mann (The Wild Man)
  • Die wunderliche Gasterei (The strange Inn)
  • Rumpilsktilskin

References

  1. ↑ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p15-17, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  2. ↑ Maria Tatar, "Reading the Grimms' Children's Stories and Household Tales" p. xxvii-iv, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  3. ↑ Maria Tatar, "Reading the Grimms' Children's Stories and Household Tales" p. xxx, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  4. ↑ Maria Tatar, "-xxxix, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  5. ↑ Lynn H. Nicholas, Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web p 77-8 ISBN 0-679-77663-X
  6. ↑ Maria Tatar, "Reading the Grimms' Fairy Stories and Household Tales" p. xlvi, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  7. ↑ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p 846, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
  8. ↑ Maria Tatar, p 345-5, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3
  9. ↑ interactive Google Doodle on the occasion of the 200th birthday of the Grimms' Fairy Tales
  • Grimm Brothers. The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales. New York: Pantheon Books, 1944. ISBN 0394494156. (in English, based on Margarate Hunt's translation)

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