Greater administrative area
Greater administrative areas (Chinese: 大行政区; pinyin: Dàxíngzhèngqū) were early top-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China that directly governed provinces and municipalities. These were the largest-ever political divisions of China and were controlled by the Central People's Government. They were dissolved between June and November 1954.
List
The greater administrative areas originated from the districts governed by governors-general (總督轄區) established during the late Qing dynasty. The six greater administrative areas were:
| Area | Hanzi | Initial subdivisions | 1st secretary | 1st chairman | Capital | Creation | People's gov't creation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huabei Area (North China) | 華北區 | Hebei, Shanxi, Chahar, Pingyuan, Suiyuan, Beijing, and Tianjin | Liu Shaoqi | Dong Biwu | Beijing | May 1948 | August 1948 |
| Dongbei Area (Northeast) | 東北區 | Songjiang, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaodong, Liaoxi, Rehe, Lüshun-Dalian, Shenyang, Benxi, Anshan, and Fushun | Gao Gang | Gao Gang | Shenyang | August 1946 | August 1949 |
| Huadong Area (East China) | 華東區 | Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, and Nanjing | Rao Shushi | Rao Shushi | Shanghai | January 1950 | |
| Zhongnan Area (Central and South) | 中南區 | Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hankou | Lin Biao | Lin Biao | Hankou | February 1950 | |
| Xibei Area (Northwest) | 西北區 | Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Xi'an | Peng Dehuai | Peng Dehuai | Xi'an | January 1950 | |
| Xinan Area (Southwest) | 西南區 | Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xikang, and Chongqing | Deng Xiaoping | Liu Bocheng | Chongqing | February 1950 | |
History
The highest officials of the greater administrative areas were known as chairmen (主席). (From this historical origin derives the term still used today for the top officials of China's autonomous regions.)
North China Area was the first to be abandoned on October 31, 1949 when New China's capital was established in Beijing. The provinces it governed were thenceforth directly controlled by the North China Branch (事務部) of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government instead. In May 1952, control was again transferred, this time to the North China Administrative Council (行政委員會) of the Government Administration Council.
Several other large-scale entities governed parts of China's territory during this time and were equivalent to greater administrative areas:
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
- Local Xizang Government (Tibet Region) - (西藏地方政府)
- The Executive Committee of Qiongyai Minority Nationality Autonomous Region - (瓊崖少數民族自治區行政委員會) from 1949, later assigned to Central and South China Area; the predecessor of Hainan
Except the Northeast, which was governed by a People's Government, the areas' highest government bodies were Military and Administrative Committees (軍政委員會), which were replaced by administrative councils in November 1952.
Several domains in China today retain the same structure of geographic divisions as the GAAs. Military administrative regions, the divisions of some major banks, and civilian aviation districts are still divided in the same form as the greater administrative areas.
See also
- History of the political divisions of China