Gravity Research Foundation
The Gravity Research Foundation, established in 1948 by businessman Roger Babson (founder of Babson College),[1] was an organization designed to find ways to implement gravitational shielding.[2] It closed in the late 1960s, although it has maintained an annual contest rewarding essays by scientific researchers on gravity-related topics.[3] It is mentioned on stone monuments located at more than a dozen American universities.
History
Rauscher indicated Thomas Edison had suggested the creation of the Gravity Research Foundation to Babson.[4] He established it in several scattered buildings in the small town of New Boston, New Hampshire,[5] which Babson chose because he thought it was far enough from big cities to survive a nuclear war. Babson even put up a sign declaring New Boston to be the safest town in North America if World War III came, but town fathers toned it down to say just that New Boston was a safe place.
In an essay called Gravity - Our Enemy Number One, Babson indicated that his wish to overcome gravity dated from the childhood drowning of his sister. "She was unable to fight gravity, which came up and seized her like a dragon and brought her to the bottom," he wrote.[6]
The foundation held occasional conferences that drew such people as Clarence Birdseye of frozen-food fame and Igor Sikorsky, inventor of the helicopter.[7] Sometimes, attendees sat in chairs with their feet higher than their heads, to counterbalance gravity.[8] Most of the foundation's work however, involved sponsoring essays by researchers on gravity-related topics.[9] It had only a couple of employees in New Boston.
The physical Gravity Research Foundation disappeared some time after Babson's death in 1967. Its only remnant in New Boston is a granite slab in a traffic island that celebrates the foundation's "active research for antigravity and a partial gravity insulator." The building that held the foundation's meetings has long held a restaurant, and for a time had a bar called Gravity Tavern, although it has been renamed.[10] As of 2013 it is still administered out of Wellesley, Massachusetts by George Rideout, Jr., son of the foundation's original director. The essay award lives on, offering prizes of up to $4,000.
Over time, the foundation shed its crankish air, turning its attention from trying to block gravity to trying to understand it. The annual essay prize has drawn respected researchers, including physicist Stephen Hawking, who won in 1971, mathematician/author Roger Penrose, who won in 1975, and astrophysicist and Nobel laureate George Smoot, who won in 1993. Other notable award winners include Jacob Bekenstein, Sidney Coleman, Bryce DeWitt, Julian Schwinger (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1965), Dennis Sciama, Robert Wald, John Archibald Wheeler and Frank Wilczek (Nobel Prize in Physics, 2004).[11]
Monuments
In the 1960s, stone monuments, apparently paid for by Babson to spread word about the Foundation, were placed on a number of college campuses. The monuments are inscribed with a variety of similar sayings, such as "It is to remind students of the blessings forthcoming when a semi-insulator is discovered in order to harness gravity as a free power and reduce airplane accidents." and "It is to remind students of the blessings forthcoming when science determines what gravity is, how it works, and how it may be controlled."
College that received monuments include:
- Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida
- Colby College in Waterville, Maine
- Eastern Baptist College in St. Davids, Pennsylvania
- Eastern Nazarene College in Quincy, Massachusetts
- Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia
- Gordon College in Wenham, Massachusetts
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York
- Keene State College in Keene, New Hampshire
- Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont
- Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts
- Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama
- University of Tampa in Tampa, Florida
- Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois, placed on its back.
Hobart College's "H-Book" contains a description of the circumstances surrounding the placement of its Gravity Monument: "The location of the stone on campus was linked to a gift to the Colleges of 'gravity grant' stocks, now totaling more than $1 million, from Roger Babson, the founder of Babson College. The eccentric Babson was intrigued by the notion of anti-gravity and inclined to further scientific research in this area. The Colleges used these funds to help construct Rosenberg Hall in 1994. Two trees that shade the stone are said to be direct descendants of Newton’s famous apple tree."
The stone at Colby College was once in front of the Keyes Building on the main academic quadrangle but was moved to a more obscure location near the Schair-Swenson-Watson Alumni Center. Students would often knock it over in an ironic testament to gravity's power. At Tufts, the monument is the site of an "inauguration ceremony"[12] for students who receive Ph.D.s in cosmology, in which a thesis advisor drops an apple on the student's head.
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument at Tufts University
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument outside Shrader Hall at Eastern Nazarene College
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument at Emory University
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument at the University of Tampa
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument at Middlebury College
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument at Wheaton College
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The Gravity Research Foundation monument at University of Tampa
Award Winning Essays by Year
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gravity Research Foundation. |
- Louis Witten (theoretical physicist associated with the foundation)
References
- ↑ "Sir Isaac Babson" (1948, August, 23). Newsweek, 32(8), p. 47.
- ↑ Babson, R. W. (1950). Chapter XXXV - Playing with Gravity, Actions and Reactions [Second Revised Edition]. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers Page over to Chapter XXXV for Roger W. Babson's description of the Gravity Research Foundation.
- ↑ Witten, L. (1998). Introductory remarks on the Gravity Research Foundation on its fiftieth anniversary. In N. Dadhich & J. Marlikar (Ed.). Gravitation and Relativity: At the Turn of the Millennium [p. 375]. 15th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation. Pune, India: Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics. ISBN 81-900378-3-8
- ↑ Valone, T. (Ed.) (2001, January). Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a New Propulsion Methodology [p. 4]. Washington, DC: Integrity Research Institute.
- ↑ Mooallem, J. (2007, October). A curious attraction. Harper's Magazine, 315(1889), pp. 84-91.
- ↑ See Appendix Intro. 3: Gravity – Our Enemy Number One. In Harry Collins (2004). Gravity's Shadow: The Search for Gravitational Waves. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-11378-4
- ↑ Kaiser, D. (2000). Chapter 10 - Roger Babson and the Rediscovery of General Relativity. Making Theory: Producing Physics and Physicists in Postwar America [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Harvard University, pp. 567-594.
- ↑ Article on town website
- ↑ "Trouble with Gravity, The" (1950, January, 2). Time, 55, p. 54.
- ↑ Union-Leader Moly Stark name returns
- ↑ GRF Award Winning Essays
- ↑ Tufts "inauguration ceremony'
External links
- Official website
- Article about Gravity Research Foundation on the New Boston town Website
- Babson, Roger W. (1950). Chapter XXXV - Playing with Gravity, Actions and Reactions [Second Revised Edition]. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers Page over to Chapter XXXV for Roger W. Babson's description of the Gravity Research Foundation.
Links about monument stones
- The story of the Emory Gravity Monument
- H Book (pdf) of Hobart College, Geneva, NY. Picture/description on p. 22.
- Colby's Gravity Monument
- John Debruicker (2006-03-09). ""Anti-Gravity Stone" has a strange story and an even stranger history". Retrieved 2006-06-04. Article about Colby College monument