Gravitation (manga)

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Gravitation

Cover of the first volume of Gravitation as published by Gentosha
グラビテーション
(Gurabitēshon)
Genre Comedy, Romance, Music, Shōnen-ai, Yaoi
Manga
Gravitation
Written by Maki Murakami
Published by Gentosha
English publisher Australia New Zealand Madman Entertainment
Canada United States Tokyopop
Demographic Shōjo
Magazine Genzo
Original run 1996 – 2002
Volumes 12
Original video animation
Gravitation: Lyrics of Love
Directed by Shinichi Watanabe
Studio Plum
Licensed by Australia New Zealand Madman Entertainment
Canada United States Nozomi Entertainment
United Kingdom MVM Films
Released July 23, 1999 – September 22, 1999
Episodes 2
Anime television series
Gravitation
Directed by Bob Shirohata
Studio Studio Deen
Licensed by Australia New Zealand Madman Entertainment
Canada United States Nozomi Entertainment
United Kingdom MVM Films
Network WOWOW
English network United States Anime Network, ImaginAsian, Anime Selects
Original run October 4, 2000 – January 10, 2001
Episodes 13
Manga
Gravitation EX
Written by Maki Murakami
Published by Gentosha
English publisher Australia New Zealand Madman Entertainment
Canada United States Tokyopop
Magazine Genzo
Original run December 2004 – ongoing
Volumes 2

Gravitation (グラビテーション Gurabitēshon) is a Yaoi manga series written by Maki Murakami.The story follows the attempts of Shuichi Shindo and his band, Bad Luck, to become Japan's next musical sensation and his struggles to capture Yuki's heart. Fitting for the subject, the anime features a large amount of music, a diverse set of characters, plenty of comedy, romance, and touches of drama and violence.

The manga was published by Gentosha and was serialized on starting on 1996 and ended on 2002. The new chapters are being serialized in an online manga anthology. It is known as Gravitation EX or Gravitation Genzo. The manga has been licensed and is published in English by Tokyopop. The Gravitation novel was released in English by Tokyopop on March 7, 2006. There is also the Gravitation Collection which consists of 6 volumes, each of which has two original volumes of Gravitation in it. Gravitation has also been adapted into an anime series lasting 13 episodes. It was directed by Bob Shirohata.

A two episode OVA series was released in 1999. The thirteen-episode TV series aired in Japan from October 4, 2000 to January 10, 2001, on WOWOW satellite channel. The anime goes to roughly volume 7 of the manga. The Gravitation TV and OVA series have been licensed for North American release by Right Stuf International.

A manga sequel has been written under the title of Gravitation EX, published in English by TOKYOPOP.

Plot

See also: List of Gravitation characters

The story surrounds an aspiring singer, Shuichi Shindou, and his band, Bad Luck (formed with his best friend Hiroshi Nakano, who is on guitar). Shuichi wants to become Japan's next big star, and follow in the footsteps of the famous idol Ryuichi Sakuma, lead singer of the now-disbanded legendary group Nittle Grasper. One evening, Shuichi is looking over lyrics for a song he was writing when his paper is blown away by the wind and picked up by a tall, blond haired( light brown in the manga)stranger. The man dismisses Shuichi's hard work as garbage, which hurts Shuichi deeply. Despite his anger, he is intrigued by the stranger. This will be their first encounter as Shuichi becomes fascinated by the stranger, who soon turns out to be the famous romance novelist, Eiri Yuki (real name: Uesugi). Both the manga and the anime follow this plot.

The manga is a quirky blend of over-the-top humor (Reiji's giant panda robot destroying parts of New York, Shuichi's explosive nosebleeds and ridiculous declarations of love, K's machine gun wake-up calls, Touma's half-teasing come-ons, etc.) and gay love. The storyline is just serious enough to be compelling, but also contains elements of parody. The characters are often thrown into insane situations and in some scenes the art style is dramatically overdone for comedic effect, one of many of Murakami's well known traits and characteristics in her manga styles.

The art style of the manga is notably different in volumes 1-5 than it is in volumes 6-12. The first half of the series has a more "old-fashioned" style that slowly changes and becomes noticeably different by volumes 6-7. The second half features cleaner lines, and more polished and stylish appearance. This also appears in the sequel, Gravitation EX, where each character's drawing style is drastically changed.

Gravitation EX

The story picks up directly after volume 12, and is more like a soap opera than the original manga. In the span of twenty chapters (as of April 2008), Shuichi and Eiri find and agree to momentarily take care of Kitazawa Yuki's son, Riku. Shuichi kisses and conducts a short affair with Sakuma Ryuichi, who announces that he's always been in love with Shuichi. Eiri is in a car accident that causes him to temporarily lose his eyesight, and Reiji announces that she's making all that has happened into a movie. Shuichi believes that this movie is the reason Ryuichi "pretended" to go after him, although Ryuichi's true motives remain unknown. In January 2008, Murakami went on hiatus, leaving the continuation of the monthly serials uncertain. The June 2011 issue of Gentosha's online magazine Web Spica announced on Friday that Maki Murakami is resuming her Gravitation EX boys-love manga after more than two years. The new chapter will appear in the next issue on June 28, and Murakami is illustrating the cover along with Kujira (Yamabiyori).[1]

Development

The precursor to the Gravitation manga was a dōjinshi series titled Help!, which followed a similar story line but cast the characters in slightly different roles.

Murakami went to New York to research for a storyline later in Gravitation where the characters visit the city.[2]

Murakami has created dojinshi based on Gravitation which she describes as "pretty hard-core, adult stuff. Remix is softcore and Megamix is much more hardcore." She created the dojinshi to explore tensions between the characters.[2]

Murakami penned a thirteen volume dōjinshi series called Gravitation Remix under the group Crocodile Ave. The Remix dōjinshi are much more sexually explicit than the anime and deviate heavily from the manga storyline. Fans have requested that Tokyopop license Gravitation Remix, but Tokyopop regards the depiction of some characters to be too young and is concerned about themes of incest, and therefore has not licensed them.[3] They contain an element of parody.

In addition to the Remixes, Murakami created four highly sexually explicit "Megamix" dōjinshi, dubbed Mega-gra, Megamix: Panda, Megamix: Kumagorou, and Megamix: Capybara. These also deviate from the storyline as the Remixes do, with Panda including shota content. A new Megamix is currently in the works, entitled Megamix Zebra. Megamix Zebra will feature Shuichi, Ryuichi, and Eiri in a threesome, with Shuichi as the seme.

Media

Manga

Main article: List of Gravitation chapters

Written and illsturated by Maki Murakami, the manga was serialized on 1996 and ended on 2002 with total 12 volumes was released. However, the manga are still serialized on Anthology by Doujin group. Tokyopop licensed the series for an English-language release in North America and published the twelve volumes from August 5, 2003 to July 12, 2005.[4][5][6][7] Tokyopop is also re-releasing the series with extras; three compilation volumes have published with the fourth planned to be released January 12, 2010.[4] Madman Entertainment distributes the series in New Zealand and Australia.[8]

A sequel to the series, Gravitation EX, is being serialized in the online magazine Genzo.[9] Tokyopop published the first volume in English on February 2007.[4][10] Madman Entertainment also distribute the series in New Zealand and Australia.[11] Murakami took a break from writing Gravitation EX, and resumed it in 2011.[1]

Drama CDs

Eight audio dramas were produced for Gravitation, featuring most of the voice actors of the TV and OVA series. Five retell events from the manga series, while the remaining three cover new story material. The drama CDs also contain musical tracks performed by the Japanese voice actors.

Novels

There are two novels. The 1st one follows the story line for the OVA's. A second novel of Gravitation called Gravitation: Voice of Temptation which is written by Jun Lennon starts out with a steamy scene between the couple. Later on, as Shuichi is on his nationwide tour with Bad Luck, he finds a note. The writer claims that she has Yuki. Shuichi now goes on a wild goose chase throughout Japan to find his kidnapped love.

Both were published in North America by Tokyopop. Gravitation was released on March 7, 2006 and Gravitation: Voice of Temptation was published on July 2006.[4][12][13]

Anime

OVA

Called Gravitation: Lyrics of Love was split into 2 parts, each being 28 minutes long. The first part originally aired on July 23, 1999 and the second part originally aired September 22, 1999. The synopsis:

Shuichi Shindo is the famous lead vocalist of the rock band Bad Luck. Usually he writes the lyrics for their songs, but now he's depressed because Yuki keeps ignoring him. Yuki has been known to be cold to Shuichi before, but he's blatantly ignoring Shuichi this time. It may be that Yuki's latest writing job is the reason for his recent attitude.
OVA Music

Opening Theme: "Blind Game Again" and End Theme: "Smashing Blue" with the Lyrics, Composition & Arrangement done by Mad Soldiers and Sung By Kinya Kotani. There is 3 insert songs, which Part 1 had one called "Spicy Marmalade", the Lyrics, Composition & Arrangement done by Mad Soldiers and Sung By Kinya Kotani. Part 2 had two, the first one "In the Moonlight" with the Lyrics, Composition & Arrangement done by Mad Soldiers and Sung By Kinya Kotani and the second "Shining Collection" with the Lyrics, Composition & Arrangement and Sung by Iceman.

TV series

Episodes are called "Tracks".

# Title[14] Original Airdate
01 "Gravitation"  October 4, 2000
During an interview with the group ASK, we discover Shuichi and Hiroshi being given an earful by their manager Sakano as Shuichi has not finished writing the love song. In the evening, while walking in a park, the paper on which the song is written escapes Shuichi's hands and landed in the hands of a mysterious and handsome stranger who said very hurtful words about it. ("No talent", "abandoned"). The next day is much like the day before, except Shuichi is depressed, and he decides to find the stranger. While walking on the street in the rain, he jumps in front of a car, knowing that the stranger is inside. They go to the stranger's apartment. The next day at work, Hiroshi makes Shuichi realize that he's in love with the stranger. Sakano turns on the TV, which is showing an interview of the stranger - Eiri Yuki, a famous writer. Shuichi urgently goes to Yuki's apartment, where he comes across Yuki being bothered by a woman outside. Yuki pretends Shuichi is his boyfriend to get the woman to leave. After she goes, Shuichi challenges Yuki to come and listen to Shuchi's concert. Yuki says that Shuichi is in love with him. So, Shuichi follows Yuki into the lift, questioning Yuki's comments. As the lift doors close, Yuki kisses Shuichi. 
02 "Live in Soul"  October 11, 2000
Yuki's sister Mika is married to the great producer Seguchi Touma, who used to play in the band Nittle Grasper, of which Shuichi is a fan. To succeed, Shuichi's band, Bad Luck, must obtain Touma's support. Yuki's sister proposes a deal to Shuichi - he will convince Yuki to recontact his family, and she will ensure her husband's support for Bad Luck. Shuichi refuses the deal, but decides to convince Yuki to see his family anyway. Yuki suspects his sister's involvement, which annoys him because he thinks Shuichi capitulated. His annoyance can be seen in the concert which becomes a total fiasco. Fortunately, Ryuichi Sakuma, the experienced singer of Nittle Grasper was in the audience, invited by Touma, and helps them. This greatly cheers Shuichi as he is singing with his idol. 
03 "Stray Heart"  October 18, 2000
After the performance they had given last night, Mr. Touma decided that there should be another member added to the Band because he felt that there was something strongly lacking in their performance. And Sakano was fired as the Band's manager, but later in the episode he is told that he can become the bands producer. Shuichi can't understand why they aren't good enough and can't accept another member in the band which he and Hiro have been members of for a while, He believes that a new member would mess up what they already have. Hiro and him get in a fight when Hiro believes that a new member would improve them and Shuichi runs away into the park. Ryuichi and K ("Nittle Grasper's" previous manager, he now currently the manager of Ryuichi) find him crying and try to calm him down. Shuichi goes to see Hiro but confronts a little boy on the way that claims to be the new member in Bad Luck. That night Shuichi tells Yuki all his problems and Yuki tells him he's being very foolish and childish and tells him to leave. The next day he finds out that Fujisaki Suguru, the new member in the band ends up being very talented. Shuichi suddenly lost confidence in him, and even worse! The new guy is trying to change his song! This hurts Shuichi's pride and leaves him depressed... at least until Hiro goes and tells Yuki to give Shuichi some confidence. Can Shuichi accept the new member? Can Yuki convince him? Who's to know; you have to find out yourself!!! 
04 "Wave Shock"  October 25, 2000
Shuichi invites himself to stay with Yuki at his home, and Yuki isn't really happy about Shuichi's plans, but sees that Shuichi really wants this so he gives in to him, letting him stay for one week. The next morning Shuichi leaves to practice with his group and says that he'll be back in time for dinner, but at the studio he finds out it won't be possible. K is the Group's new manager and has got them a gig on TV! To their disappointment it is not a music show they are going to participate in but a Quiz show. The prize is a million yen, but Shuichi asks them that since they do not need the money, can they perform on the show instead? The producers of the show don't mind, and say they can. It turns out that Shuichi isn't really that smart, so Hiro takes over the buzzer. The final question was fixed by Touma to be one that Shuichi will know, One about Yuki. He does this by telling them if they want ratings, then they know what they should do. Shuchi gets the question right and they perform. After the show Shuichi walks home with Hiro and overhears some girls gleefully talking about Yuki in a fangirl type of way. And Shuichi can't help but think, does he really deserve Yuki? 
05 "Winding Road"  November 1, 2000
Hiro and Shuichi were taking a walk through the park after their rehearsal, but they happen to notice a young girl getting manhandled by two older men. Shuichi and Hiro heroically rescue her with a series of smart retorts and wild punishment. After getting her fed and making sure she's alright, Shuichi asks why a young girl like herself could be wandering round the city from Kyoto. She replies and tells them that she is looking for somebody very important to her. Hiro offers to take her to a hotel, so Shuichi goes home to Yuki's. To his surprise, there is no Yuki but a strange man, who we find is his younger brother Tatsuha. Tatsuha and Shuichi get along very well for a while since they both have the same obsession with Ryuichi. After this Tatsuha teasingly gets a little too close to Shuichi, and Yuki appears behind them. When asked about his presence Tatsuha explains that he's looking for a girl, Ayaka, the girl that they had saved in the park. The next day Shuichi brings Tatsuha to Ayaka to only find out that she is, in fact, Yuki's fiancee! Shuichi is heartbroken. To make matters worse, Bad Luck's solo concert is very soon! Shuichi and the group go to perform on the stage but Shuichi spots Yuki and Ayaka in the crowd. In the middle of Shuichi's song he can't help but loudly scream "Yuki is mine!!!" Now Ayaka notices that Shuichi and Yuki have a strong relationship, and should back down. At the end of the episode Yuki confides in Shuichi and tells him that he will be his lover. 
06 "Shady Scheme"  November 8, 2000
After yelling "Yuki is mine!!!!" during Bad Luck's live concert Shuichi thought Yuki would be angry, but to Shuichi's surprise he acted quite differently. Later, Yuki's sister, Mika, stops by Yuki's house to once again try and convince Yuki to come home with her. Shuichi and Mika spend time arguing about Yuki's good and bad qualities, Shuichi always calling Yuki sweet, and Mika disagreeing. In the end he locks them both out of the house out of annoyance. Mika asks Shuichi if he would like to go to get something to eat. During the course of the meal Mika tells Shuichi that he knows nothing about Yuki. This invokes Shuichi's curiosity, as no lover would like to be kept in the dark. While Shuichi and Mika are in the restaurant they are unaware that they are being spied on by ASK's lead singer Tachi and a lady friend of his. After Shuichi goes back home to apologize to Yuki about the argument he previously had that night, things go back to normal for a little while until Yuki tells Shuichi to leave, when he tries to delve deeper into the memories of Yuki. Hiro tells Shuichi that he should go apologize to Yuki for whatever he did wrong and while Shuichi was on his way home he ran into Tachi from ASK who acted as Shuichi's friend but was really out to hurt him. After getting beat up by Tachi Shuichi goes to Hiro instead of Yuki because he doesn't want Yuki to get hurt and this causes Hiro to become angered and visit Yuki, to remind him of what he previously said "If you make him cry over anything but his own stupidity, I will never forgive you" Yuki, now angered over hearing that Shuichi was beaten up, goes to find Tachi. 
07 "Ground Zero"  November 15, 2000

Shuichi woke up that morning, with remembrance of the beating he received the previous night from Tatchi. He looked to see a note left to him by Hiro telling him that he should take the day off, he immediately went to the studios and told them that he was going to ruin their cd release... he was going to quit bad luck. But his announcement ran short when Hiro came to tell him that Yuki had gone after ASK to repay what they did to him. Yuki had ventured to where ASK were and had beat up one person, And then threatened Tatchi to give him the photo roll that he had, which were filled with pictures of Shuichi's beating. Rather foolishly Shuichi ran to meet him and waited for him while wearing a Sailor Fuku! Outside Shuichi went to grab Yuki so that he wouldn't leave him when he fainted on the ground. He woke up in a bed in Yuki's flat and was horrified to hear Yuki say that he will disappear from his life.

Later on, Shuichi meets the others at their cd single recording and gives it his best, explaining that he has given up on Yuki to concentrate on his musical career and the band. Everybody is shocked. After the recording, Shuichi was walking home drunk with Hiro, and they arrive outside Yuki's flat and also meet Ayaka. They have a word and Shuichi runs into the flat and discovers that everything has gone! Yuki left him. Yuki's brother told him that he had one last chance and took him to their father's temple and told them that Ayaka was there to meet them. When the screen door opened however, it was not Ayaka, but Shuichi dressed as Ayaka! Yuki confronts him outside and finally discloses something about his past... When he was Sixteen... he killed a man. 
08 "Song and Song"  November 22, 2000

For some strange reason Touma has called together Noriko, what can they be talking about? Also Shuichi is now living with Yuki and Shuichi tells him that he has to go to work, but not before having a little laugh. When Shuichi leaves the bedroom Touma suddenly appears from the side of the bed. He and Yuki have a talk and Yuki tells her that he has told Shuichi about his past, and Touma comforts him. Meanwhile while Bad luck are at the studio, they are informed by their producer that they have an interview and they should present a good image. Shuichi Jokingly says that he will pass since he is meant to get home early to Yuki, at least until K holds a gun to his head (Yet again). Then they run to the Minivan on their way. Although in the lobby Tatchi becomes enraged at the fact that Shuichi's beating has had no effect on him and storms off to find Yuki. While at the interview one of the members of ASK storms in to warn Shuchi about Tatchi and his vendetta. Shuichi hurries home upon hearing this and bursts through a wall much to Yuki's surprise, yelling at Tatchi about hurting "His Yuki".

When Tatchi flees from the scene he comes across Touma who warns him about what he has just done, and pushes him in front of a car. Fortunately (or unfortunately) he survives and still vows to find out Yuki's secret. Bad luck also get a very big surprise upon the announcement that Nittle Grasper has reformed. K gets them a place on a music show and they find that Nittle Grasper are also there. Bad luck give it their best but feel out shined by the performance of Nittle Grasper... Could this possibly be the end for them? 
09 "The Deepest Brain"  November 29, 2000
This episode starts with Yuki led on a couch at a doctors, having a reminiscence of previous times such as when he was in a book store with his Teacher. Meanwhile K is getting restless because Shuichi has not shown up for a while, and hs taken the week off sick. K, being a fan of guns and weapons decides to go after him, until he is stopped by Hiro, who tells them that he will go see Shuichi himself. While at Shuichi's place however he learns that Yuki has been having strange periods of absence, and when asked Shuichi says that he has not asked him why these are... Mainly out of fear of him. K also decides to have a word with Yuki in the park, where he tells him about Shuichi wanting to be like Ryuichi in terms of standard. He also explains that for Shuichi to achieve the same level, it is not money he needs, nor anything else apart from one thing. Out of his pocket he pulls a ticket, a ticket that entitles him to take Shuichi to a couples amusement park. Yuki returns home to find Shuichi packing items in a box, it turns out that these items are, in fact, all the things to do with Ryuichi. Yuki then shows him the ticket, and tells him that if he makes one million copies, he will go. Shuichi becomes obsessed with getting a million copies of their cd sold and tells K to find any publicity he can, be it interviews, performances etc. And the band start to become more active. When Shuichi goes home the following day, he finds that Yuki is not there but, in fact, the press are storming the outside. When Yuki comes home he announces that he and Shuichi are lovers when Shuichi is cornered by a bunch of them. Meanwhile Hiro leaves the band... Is this final? or will he return? 
10 "Heads or Tails"  December 7, 2000
Shuichi is upset to learn of Hiro's choice to leave the band. Fujisaki doesn't see the big deal. He could easily take over both parts.Hiro later tells Shuichi his feelings about the band and Ayaka which prompts Yuki to confront Ayaka. Ayaka later confronts Hiro and changes his mind about his recent decisions. Promising him a date if the band reached a million copies sold. A press conference is to be held later to announce Hiro's leaving. But to much surprise it is derailed due to a rant by Shuichi. Hiro then shows up and states that "he's convinced" and rejoins the band. Yuki is later seen at his home with his sister's husband spitting up blood after a drink. Will Shuichi accept this and move on with the band without Hiro? 
11 "Secret Day"  December 13, 2000
This proves to be a high and low for Shuichi. First he's thrilled to have sold a million records. Which means date with Yuki. But then he learns that he's in the hospital from coughing up blood! After the press conference Shuichi is informed by K that Yuki is in the hospital coughing up blood. Shuichi then rushes to the hospital and is surprised to hear a very discouraging conversation taking place between Yuki, Mika, and Touma. He then leaves thinking that Yuki would be better off without him and that he is the reason that Yuki is in the hospital. He later returns to the hospital to see Yuki. He arrives while Yuki is sleeping and talks to him and is startled when Yuki awakens. Yuki then says that he owes Shuichi a date. On their date Yuki shares the grim details of his past with Shuichi. Shuichi then runs off to get drinks for the two but when he returns Yuki is gone. 
12 "Breathless"  December 20, 2000
Shuichi returns home from his date with Yuki, but when he gets there he's nowhere to be found. Soon it gets clearer that Yuki's left him. Especially after getting a key to Yuki's apartment. So where did Yuki go? As Shuichi tries to deal with this he continues to perform. That is until after a concert Ryuichi ignores him. Why? And what just happened to Shuichi's voice? 
13 "Got It All"  January 10, 2001
Shuichi's voice is still gone, Yuki is still missing. Everyone tries to help Shuichi but no one is succeeding. Touma and Mika are worried and are looking for Eiri. Can Shuichi find his voice again? Will anyone ever find Yuki? Will Shuichi ever see him again? Why does Yuki need a gun and why has he gone there? 
TV Music

The opening and closing themes to the TV series were "SUPER DRIVE" and "Glaring Dream", performed respectively by Yosuke Sakanoue and Kinya Kotani and Mad Soldiers. Most other music in the Gravitation franchise (except songs that appeared on later drama albums) was written, performed or produced by Daisuke Asakura. Guitarist Kenichi Ito also appears on many of the tracks as well as Kappei Yamaguchi.


Reception

Almost half a million copies of the Gravitation manga have been sold from its release in 2003 to 2007,[15] and in 2005 it was the top manga on BookScan with BL themes.[16] Rachel Woods notes that even a milder shōnen-ai manga "relies on sexual innuendo, comic double entendres, and coded visual references in order to maintain an erotic undercurrent that is not sexually explicit in nature", and discusses a page from Gravitation which shows the characters kissing, but using "fragmented panels" which show Yuki's "wandering hand" to provide a "tantalizing and suggestive imagery" that encourages the reader's imagination.[17]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Gravitation EX Boys-Love Manga Returns After 2+ Years". Anime News Network. Retrieved 5 September 2011. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cha, Kai-Ming (4 September 2007). "Sex & Silliness: Maki Murakami’s Gravitation". Publishers Weekly (PWxyz LLC). Retrieved 4 December 2011. 
  3. ↑ Pagliassotti, Dru (April 2009). "GloBLisation and Hybridisation: Publishers' Strategies for Bringing Boys' Love to the United States". Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific (Australian National University) (20). Retrieved 23 December 2011. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Manga+Comics: Book Catalog". Tokyopop. Retrieved 2 January 2010. 
  5. ↑ "Manga+Comics: Book Catalog". Tokyopop. Retrieved 2 January 2010. 
  6. ↑ "Gravitation, Vol. 1". Amazon.com. ASIN 1591823331. 
  7. ↑ "Gravitation Volume 12". Amazon.com. ASIN 1595324151. 
  8. ↑ "Gravitation (Manga) Vol. 01". Madman Entertainment. Retrieved 2 January 2010. 
  9. ↑ "Webコミック GENZO". GENTOSHA COMICS (in Japanese). 
  10. ↑ "Gravitation EX (v. 1)". Amazon.com. ASIN 1427802408. 
  11. ↑ "Gravitation Ex (Manga) Vol. 01". Madman Entertainment. Retrieved 2 January 2010. 
  12. ↑ "Gravitation". Amazon.com. ASIN 1598164449. 
  13. ↑ "Gravitation: Voice of Temptation". Amazon.com. ASIN 1598165747. 
  14. ↑ Per the Episodes on the DVDs and Anime News Network
  15. ↑ 'Gravitation EX' Gets Simultaneous Release On Three Continents
  16. ↑ Valenti, Kristy L. (2005). 'Stop, My Butt Hurts!' - The Yaoi Invasion 269. The Comics Journal. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. 
  17. ↑ Wood, Andrea. (Spring 2006). "Straight" Women, Queer Texts: Boy-Love Manga and the Rise of a Global Counterpublic. WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly, 34 (1/2), pp. 394-414.

Further reading

External links

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