Grate firing

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Grate firing was the first combustion system used for solid fuels. It now is used mainly for burning waste and biomass, but also for smaller coal furnaces.

Capacities 0.3 to 175 MWth in industry and CHP
Fuel fired per grate area 1-2 MW/m², maximum grate area 100 m²
Grates are typical only suitable for coarse particles, for fine particles a spreader is required, increases max. capacity
Primary air through the grate (also used for cooling) and secondary air

Types

travelling grate in an old steam boiler

Travelling grate: A moving grate which is covered with a fuel layer, 10-30 cm. Power control by means of varying the grate velocity

Reciprocating grate: For ash-rich, low calorific fuels like municipal waste, arrangement of stationary and moving grates -> conveying and mixing (forward-moving type or reverse-action grate)

Vibrating grate: Water cooled membrane wall, with holes for air. For burning coal or wood.

See also

fluidised bed firing
pulverized fuel firing

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