Grammitid
| Grammitid | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Grammitis hookeri | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Monilophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| (unranked): | Eupolypods I |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Polypodioideae |
| (unranked): | Grammitids |
| Genera | |
|
See text. | |
The "grammitid ferns" form a clade of about 750 species within the Polypodiaceae.[1] They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World.[2] This group was previously treated as a separate family (Grammitidaceae), but because molecular phylogeny showed that it was nested within Polypodiaceae, it is now treated as an informal clade within that family. In 2011, Christenhusz et al.[3] placed the grammitid ferns in the subfamily Polypodioideae, within the Polypodiaceae. The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between grammitid ferns and the Polypodiaceae subfamilies, based on Schuettpelz & Pryer, 2008.[4]
| Polypodiaceae |
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Genera
The grammitid ferns include the following genera. All except the most recent were formerly included in the family Grammitidaceae. Note that many of these genera have been found to be polyphyletic, so near-term changes to this list are likely.
- Acrosorus Copel. 1906 (Southeastern Asia)
- Calymmodon C.Presl 1836 (Southeastern Asia)
- Ceradenia L.E.Bishop 1988
- Chrysogrammitis Parris 1998 (Southeastern Asia)
- Cochlidium Kaulf. 1820
- Ctenopterella Parris 2007 (Southeastern Asia, Australia)
- Dasygrammitis Parris 2007 (Southeastern Asia)
- Enterosora Baker 1887 (Neotropics, Madagascar)
- Grammitis Sw. 1801 (Neotropics)
- Lellingeria A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran 1991 (Neotropics)
- Leucostrichum Labiak 2010 (Neotropics)[6]
- Luisma M.T.Murillo & A.R.Sm. 2003 (Colombia)
- Melpomene A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran 1992 (Neotropics)
- Micropolypodium Hayat 1928 (China, Japan)
- Moranopteris R.Y.Hirai & J.Prado 2011 (Neotropics)[7]
- Oreogrammitis Copeland 1917 (Southeastern Asia, Australia)
- Prosaptia C.Presl 1836 (Southeastern Asia)
- Radiogrammitis Parris 2007 (Southeastern Asia, Pacific islands)
- Scleroglossum Alderwerelt 1912 (Southeastern Asia, Pacific islands)
- Terpischore (fern) A.R.Sm. 1993 (Neotropics)
- Themelium (T.Moore) Parris 1997 (China, Philippines, Thailand)
- Tomophyllum (E.Fournier) Parris 2007 (China, India, Nepal)
- Xiphopterella Parris 2007 (China)
- Xiphopteris Kaulf. 1820 (Taiwan)
- Zygophlebia L.E.Bishop 1989 (Neotropics, Madagascar)
References
- ↑ "Systematics of grammitid ferns: Lellingeria, Melpomene, and Terpsichore.". Botanical Society of America. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ↑ Labiak et al. 2010a Paulo H. Labiak, Michael Sundue, & Germinal Rouhan: "Molecular Phylogeny, Character Evolution, and Biogeography of the Grammitid Fern Genus Lellingeria (Polypodiaceae)." American Journal of Botany 97(8): 1354–1364 (2010)
- ↑ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa 19: 7–54.
- ↑ Eric Schuettpelz & Kathleen M. Pryer (2008). "Chapter 15: Fern pylogeny". In Tom A. Ranker & Christopher H. Haufler. Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press. pp. 395–416.
- ↑ Ranker et al. 2003 T.A. Ranker, J.M.O. Geiger, S.C. Kennedy, A.R. Smith, C.H. Haufler, and B.S. Parris: "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the endemic Hawaiian genus Adenophorus (Grammitidaceae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 (2003) 337-47.
- ↑ Labiak et al. 2010b Paulo H. Labiak, Germinal Rouhan & Michael Sundue: "Phylogeny and taxonomy of Leucotrichum (Polypodiaceae): A new genus of grammitid ferns from the Neotropics." Taxon 59(3): 911–921 (June 2010)
- ↑ Hirai et al. 2011 Regina Y. Hirai, Germinal Rouhan, Paulo H. Labiak, Tom A. Ranker & Jefferson Prado: "Moranopteris: A new Neotropical genus of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) segregated from Asian Micropolypodium." Taxon 60(4): 1123–1137 (August 2011)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Christenhusz & Schneider, 2011 Maarten J. M. Christenhusz & Herald Schneider: "Corrections to Phytotaxa 19: Linear sequence of lycophytes and ferns," Phytotaxa (14 Sep 2011)