Gourmaëlon

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Gourmaëlon (died 913/4), was the Count of Cornouaille and de facto ruler of Brittany from 907 - circa 914.^[1] As ruler of Brittany he was considered Prince de Bretagne in some chronicles and histories. His actual history is among the least well documented of the early medieval rulers of Brittany. His reputed time of rule coincides with a dramatic increase in Viking invasions ^[2] that ultimately led up to the Viking Occupation of Brittany that began after his death.

Life

He is believed to have been named Count of Cornouaille by Alan I, King of Brittany near the end of his reign in 907. ^{[lower-alpha 1]} .^[3] After Alan I's death in 907 he disputed the right of Alan's heirs to rule Brittany and fought for the control of the kingdom, albeit without claiming the title king. ^[4] ^{[lower-alpha 2]}

His life and activities are sparsely recorded in historical documents save for several donations to the Breton churches of the day. In a donation to the monastery of Plélan in 910 he is identified as "ruler of Brittany" ^{[lower-alpha 3]} .^[5] At Redon in 913 he is identified as Count Gourmaelon, the Breton monarch. ^{[lower-alpha 4]} ^[5]

Death

He is understood to have died in 913 (or 914) in a battle with invading Vikings .^{[lower-alpha 5]}

Succession

No subsequent ruler of Brittany is recorded in histories or chronicles of the period until the return of Alan II, Duke of Brittany, known as Alan Barbetorte, from England circa 937-938.

Notes

↑ In the Cartulaire de Landévennec, Uurmaelon comes Cornubia
↑ According to Poisson and Le Mat, his self proclaimed authority was considered more nominal than real (« autorité plus nominale que réelle »)
↑ In the Cartulaire de Redon (910), « Gurmahilon regnante Britanniam »
↑ In the Cartulaire de Redon (913) « Gurmahilon comitem qui tunc monarchiam Britanniae regebat »
↑ entrée dans le Manuscrit 476 de la bibliothèque d’Angers dit Anecdota novissima :« Anno DCCCCXIII Guuormaelon oc[cissus est] ».

References

↑ Price, p. 102.
↑ Price, p. 357.
↑ Cartulaire de Landévennec, pp. 154-155.
↑ Poisson and Le Mat, p. 69.
↑ 5.0 5.1 Cartulaire de Redon.

Bibliography

Poisson, Henri; Le Mat, Jean-Pierre (2000). Histoire de Bretagne (Second Edition). Coop Breizh. ISBN 978-2-84346-091-3.
Cartulaire de Landévennec Chartre XXIV De Aeccleia Sanctus.
Cartulaire de Redon Chartre CCLXXIX du 27 novembre 910.
Cartulaire de Redon Chartre CCLXXVI du 25 octobre 913.
Price, Neil S. (1989). The Vikings in Brittany. Saga-Book XXII 6. ISBN 978 0 903521 22 2.

Additional Reading

Quaghebeur, Joëlle (2002). La Cornouaille du IXieme au XIIieme (Mémoire, pouvoirs, noblesse), Edition 2. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. ISBN 978-2-86847-743-7 Check |isbn= value (help).
de La Borderie, Arthur (1901). La chronologie du cartulaire de Redon. Rennes: Oberthur. Unknown parameter |éditeur= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |passage= ignored (help)

Regnal titles
Preceded by Alan I	King of Brittany ruled de facto without title 908–913	Succeeded by Viking Occupation next holder Alan II
Preceded by Riwallon	Count of Cornouaille 907–913	Succeeded by Viking Occupation next holder Alan II

Rulers of Brittany

Early monarchs

c. 578–907	Waroch Judicael ap Hoel Morman Wihomarc Nominoe Erispoe Salomon Pascweten Gurvand Judicael Alan I Gourmaëlon

Viking Occupation

c. 907–938	Hroflr Rognvaldr Incon

House of Nantes

938–958	Alan II (938–952) Drogo (952–958) Hoël I (960–981) Guerech (981–988) Alan (III) (988–990)

House of Rennes

958–1072	Conan I (990–992)) Geoffrey I (992–1008) Alan III (1008–1040) Odo I (1008–1034) Conan II (1040–1066) Hawise (1066–1072) with Hoel II (1066–1072)

House of Cornouaille

1072–1156	Alan IV (1072–1112) Conan III (1112–1148) Bertha (1148–1156) with Odo II (1148–1156)

House of Penthièvre

1156–1194	Conan IV (1156–1171) Constance (1171–1194) with Geoffrey II (1181–1186), later Ranulph (1188–1194)

House of Plantagenet

1194–1203	Arthur I (1194–1203)

House of Thouars

1203–1221	Alix (1203-1221) with Peter I (1213-1221)

House of Dreux

1221–1341	John I (1221–1286) John II (1286–1305) Arthur II (1305–1312) John III (1312–1341)

Breton War of Succession

1341–1365	Joan (1341–1364) with Charles I (1341–1364) disputed by John IV (1341–1345) and John V (1345-1365)

House of Montfort

1365–1514	John V (1365-1399) John VI (1399–1442) Francis I (1442–1450) Peter II (1450–1457) Arthur III (1457–1458) Francis II (1458–1488) Anne (1488–1514) with Charles II (1491–1498), later Louis I (1499–1514)

House of Valois

1514–1547	Claude (1514–1524) with Francis (1514–1524) Francis III (1524–1536) Henry (1536–1547)

Courtesy title

1547–present	Louis de France (1704-1705) Louis de France (1707–1712) Francis de Bourbon (1973–1984)

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