Gonda district
| Gonda district | |
|---|---|
| District of Uttar Pradesh | |
 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Administrative division | Devipatan |
| Headquarters | Gonda, Uttar Pradesh |
| Tehsils | 4 |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Gonda, Kaiser ganj(partial) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4,448 km2 (1,717 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 3,431,386 |
| • Density | 770/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 100.0 per cent |
| Website | Official website |
Gonda is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Gonda is the district headquarters, and also the administrative centre for the Devipatan Division.
With an area of 4,448 square kilometres (1,717 sq mi), Gonda is bound by Shrawasti district to the north, Balrampur and Siddharthnagar districts to the northeast, Basti district to the east, Faizabad district to the south, Bara Banki district to the southwest, and Bahraich district to the northwest.
History
The territory covered by the present district of Gonda formed part of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. After the death of Rama, the celebrated sovereign of the Solar line who ruled Kosala, the kingdom was divided into two portions defined by the Ghaghara river. The northern portion was then ruled by his son, Lava with the city of Sravasti as his capital.[1] Sravasti was prosperous and progressive during Buddhas time, and he made twenty one visits to the city during his Mahaparinirvana.[citation needed]
More recently, ancient Buddhist remains dating to the early days of Buddhism have been found throughout the region, including at Sravasti.[2]
During the medieval period, the first Muslim invasion of the region, to the north of the Ghaghara River, took place in the second quarter of 11th century under Syed Salar Masood. The rulers of Gonda and surrounding districts formed a league to offer united resistance to Masood. In the second half of the 13th century Gonda was included in the government of Bahraich by the early Muslim rulers, and hence has no independent history of its own. Further, there is no specific reference about the district until the reign of the Tughlaqs.
In 1394, the district came under the rule of Khwaja Jahan Malik Sarwar, the founder of the Sharqi dynasty of Jaunpur. From earliest days of Muslim domination till the advent of Akbar, the history of Gonda district is primarily the history of local clans. During the early phase of this period the whole of Gonda was ruled by aboriginal Dom, Tharu Tribe, Bhar, Pasi and the like. The district formed an integral part of the empire of Akbar (1556–1605).
With the annexation of the province of Awadh by the East India Company in February 1856, Gonda became a separate district in the Gonda-Bahraich Commissionership. Annexation passed off quietly, although the Gonda raja exhibited strong disapproval of the measure and was with difficulty persuaded to leave his fort at Gonda and meet the district officer.
In the Non Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi people from this district actively participated. On October 9, 1929, Mahatma Gandhi visited the district along with Jawaharlal Nehru.
Gonda played a significant part in the Indian struggle for independence, with many people from the region actively involved: including Maharaja Devi Baksha Singh, who escaped to Nepal,[3] freedom fighters like Sh. Chandra Shekhar Azad took shelter in the district, and Rajendra Lahiri was incarcerated and hanged in the Gonda Jail. India's 5th president Hon'ble Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was also educated at the Government High School in Gonda district.
Gonda came in media light when three cops were given capital punishment after their alleged involvement in an encounter and killing 13 people along with Deputy Superintendent of police in the Madhopur area.[4][5]
Geography
The district lies between 26° 47' and 27° 20' north latitude and 81° 30' and 82° 46' east longitude.
The holy rivers Saryu and Ghaghara pass through the district. The soils of the district are composed of the fluvial deposits of these two rivers, making it one of the most productive soils in the Tarai region.
Hydrology
Rivers have played a significant role in the development of Gonda. Ghaghara is the main river flowing through the district, formed from the united waters of the Kauriala, Saryu, and Chauka & other rivers which drain the submontane tract to the west. It enters the district in the extreme west and flows along the southern borders. Within its wide bed it rolls from one side to the other, changing its channel almost every year. The land along the river is always liable to be cut away during the rains and for this reason the area of the district is libel to annual verialims. Saryu is the second most important river, rising in the Bahraich district, and joining the Ghaghara in Gonda. The Kuwano river flows along the northern border, with the Bisuha, a small stream of a similar character. The Manwar, Chandai and Terhi rivers are little more than streams.
There are several important lakes in the district, including the Banki, Kodar, Aranga, Parwati & Pathri.
Climate
The average summer temperature is nearly 34 °C. A hot wind named Loo blows in May and in early June.
During the rainy season, rains take place up to September.
Minimum winter temperature is -0.2;°C
Average Rainfall in the district is 1152mm.
Economy
Agriculture
Total production for the district
- Food Grain 1145 Thousand M.T.
- Oil Seed 16 Thousand M.T.
- Sugar Cane 1254 Thousand M.T
- Potato 112 Thousand M.T
Agricultural produce also includes wheat, paddy (rice) and various pulses.
There is a Krishi Vigyan Kendra[6] (Agriculture Research Centre) situated at Gopalgram-DURGONWA Gonda
Industry
There are several sugar mills, rice mills and many other small industries and handicraft industry. One of the India's six Indian Telephone Industries is situated at Mankapur, and the largest sugar mill in India is situated at Kundarkhi.[7]
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Gonda one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[8] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[8]
Divisions
There are 4 Tehsils in the District: Gonda, Colonelganj, Tarabganj and Mankapur.[citation needed]
Demographics
Population
According to the 2011 census Gonda district has a population of 3,431,386,[9] roughly equal to the nation of Panama[10] or the US state of Connecticut.[11] This gives it a ranking of 95th in India (out of a total of 640).[9] The district has a population density of 857 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,220 /sq mi) .[9] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.07%.[9] Gonda has a sex ratio of 922 females for every 1000 males,[9] and a literacy rate of 61.16%.[9]
Gonda district has more percent decadal growth(2001-2012) of 24.07 than the average of UP(20.09). Sex ratio is improved(922) than the state average(908). Sex ratio of children population(0–6 years) is also much better(924)compared to total population sex ratio of the district(922) as well as compared to UP children sex ratio(899). The district is much behind(61.16%) the state average(69.72%) in literacy rate. The backwardness of the region and slow developmental rate is clearly reflected by literacy gap(male to female) of 23.10% in the district as compared to 19.98% gap for the state.[12]
Languages
Languages spoken in the district include Awadhi, a tongue of Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region,[13] and Hindi.
Culture
Tourism
There are many religious places in the district, and the district headquarter itself is very close to the holy city of Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Rama.
Famous personalities
Gonda is said to be the birthplace of the great poet Tulsi Das who wrote the epic Ramacharitamanas, depicting the life and virtues of Lord Rama.[14]
The founder of the Swaminarayan Sampraday, "Lord Swaminarayan" was born at Ghanshyam Pande in Chhapaiya, Gonda. Akshardham is believed to be the divine abode of Swaminarayan.
Acharya Patanjali (200 BCE), founder of yoga came from the district of Gonda.[15] One of the ten foremost commercial biotechnologist in world,Dr. Jitendra Prakash hails from Gonda city.[16]
Flora and fauna
There are two remarkable areas of forest in Gonda:
- the forest of Kuwano, which includes a variety of trees: including Sagon, Haldu, Sal, Shishaw, Tibau, Mahua, Bass, Neem, Jamun, and Mayo.
- the forest of Mankapur which include Tibau, Sakhu and Sal.
Education
Gonda is categorised as one of the socially and educationally backward districts of Uttar Pradesh. The government of India has created a special scheme for such district through the backward region grant fund. Gonda is one of the recipients of this fund.[17]
The human development index of the Gonda district is very low.[18]
All degree colleges of Gonda are affiliated to the [Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad]. Shahid-E-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh Inter College,Fatima Inter College and J.P.Memorial Public School are some of the prominent schools of gonda.
Public Health
Gonda has 15 Allopathic hospitals, 27 Ayurvedic hospitals, 11 Homeopathic hospitals and 2 Unani hospitals, in addition to 66 Government Primary Health Centres.
Gonda is one of the most backward districts of the India in public health parameters. Gonda is one of the districts in the list of top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate in 2011 census data. It also comes in top 57 districts with highest Maternal Mortality Rate[19]
Others
References
- ↑ Gonda District at The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, v. 12, p. 312.
- ↑ India Divine
- ↑ 1857:The Oral Tradition, Pankaj Rag, Rupa Publication,2010
- ↑ http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/3-cops-get-death-5-life-term-for-gonda-fake-encounter.html
- ↑ http://www.apnnews.com/2013/04/05/3-cops-gets-death-5-get-life-in-gonda-fake-encounter-case/
- ↑ ICAR site
- ↑ Official Site
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme". National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. "Panama 3,460,462 July 2011 est."
- ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. "Connecticut 3,574,097"
- ↑ Provisional Population Totals Paper 2 of 2011 - Uttar Pradesh
- ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Awadhi: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th edition ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ↑ His Holiness Sri Swami Sivananda Saraswati Maharaj
- ↑ Hindustan.org
- ↑ Business India, September 2–15, 1991, p181
- ↑ Press information release
- ↑ Planning commission release
- ↑ List of 57 common districts featuring in top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate and top 25 administrative divisions
External links
- Official website
- Alternative Web Site Of the Gonda District
- Gonda District at The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, v. 12, p. 311-319.
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Bahraich district | Shrawasti district | Balrampur district Siddharthnagar district |
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Basti district | |||
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| Bara Banki district | Faizabad district |
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Coordinates: 27°15′N 82°00′E / 27.250°N 82.000°E