Human gonad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the cartoon character, see Buster Gonad.
"Gonad" redirects here. For gonads of non-human organisms, see Sex organ.

The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. The gonads in males are the testes, and the gonads in females are the ovaries. The product, gametes, are haploid germ cells.[1] For example, spermatozoon and egg cells are gametes.

Regulation

The gonads are controlled hormonally by luteinizing hormone (Le) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.[2] This secretion in turn is controlled by the hypothalamus' gonadotropin-releasing hormone.[3]

Development

Main article: Development of the gonads

Gonads start developing as a common anlage (an organ in the earliest stage of development), in the form of gonadal ridges,[4] and only later are differentiated to male or female sex organs. The presence of the SRY gene,[5] located on the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, determines male sexual differentiation. In the absence of the SRY gene from the Y chromosome, the female sex (ovaries instead of testis) will develop. The development of gonads is a part of the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

See also

  • Gonadosomatic index

References

  1. ↑ "What is the relationship between gonad and gamete?". Answers.com. Answers Corporation. Retrieved 4 June 2012. 
  2. ↑ "gonadotropin". The Free Dictionary. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. Elsevier. 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2012. 
  3. ↑ John W. Kimball (12 February 2011). "Hormones of the Hypothalamus: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)". Kimball's Biology Pages. John W. Kimball (The Saylor Foundation). Retrieved 4 June 2012. 
  4. ↑ Satoh M.; Anat J. (August 1991). "Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos". PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine) (Abstract). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. PMID 1769902. 
  5. ↑ "Human Developmental Genetics". Institut Pasteur. Institut Pasteur. Retrieved 4 June 2012. 
Internal
Other
Wolffian vestiges
Regions
Layers
Ligaments
General
External
Other

M: ♀ FRS

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/npls, sysi/epon

proc/asst, drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)

Internal
Other
Accessory
glands
External

M: ♂ MRS

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (G3B/4BE/4C)

Islets of pancreas
Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes
+parathyroid
Pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid axis
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal axis:
Adrenal gland
Cortex
Medulla
  • Medullary chromaffin cell
Gonadal axis
Pineal gland
Other

M: END

anat/phys/devp/horm

noco (d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.