Grand Slam (tennis)
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The four Grand Slam tournaments, also called Majors, are the most important annual tennis events. They offer the most ranking points[1] and prize money, the greatest strength and size of field, and attract the most public and media attention. The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open in mid January, the French Open in May/June, Wimbledon in June/July, and the US Open in August/September. Each tournament is played over a period of two weeks. The Australian and US tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905. However, of these four, only Wimbledon was a major before 1924/25, the time when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments.
The term Grand Slam also, and originally, refers to the achievement of winning all four major championships in a single calendar year within one of the five disciplines: men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles. In doubles, one team may accomplish a Grand Slam playing together or one player may achieve it with different partners. The term "Grand Slam" without qualification refers to winning the four majors in a single calendar year.[2][3][4]
Winning the four majors in consecutive tournaments but not in the same year is known as a Non-Calendar Year Grand Slam, while winning all four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a Career Grand Slam. Winning the Olympic gold medal in addition to the four majors in a one calendar year is known as a "Golden Grand Slam" or more commonly the "Golden Slam". Also, winning the Year-End Championship in the same period is known as a "Super Slam". Together, all four Majors in all three disciplines (singles, doubles, and mixed doubles) are called a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles. No player has won all twelve events in one calendar year but it has been done by three female players during their careers.
Origin of the term "Grand Slam"
The term slam for winning all of the tricks in the whist family card games (see also whist terms) is attested from early in the 17th century. Grand slam for all of the tricks, in contrast to small slam or little slam for all but one, dates from early in the 19th century.[5] This use was inherited by contract bridge, a modern development of whist defined in 1925 that became very popular in Britain and America by 1930.
Grand slam has been used in golf since 1930, when Bobby Jones won the four major championships, two British and two American. Although John F. Kieran is widely credited with first applying the term "grand slam" to tennis, to describe the winning of all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year, sports columnist Alan Gould had used the term in that connection almost two months before Kieran.[6]
History
The possibility of being the reigning champion of all the current four Majors did not exist until 1924/25, when the International Lawn Tennis Federation designated the Australasian, French (before 1925 only open to members of French tennis clubs), British and American championship tournaments as the four Majors. Before that time only three events: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (held in Paris & once in Brussels) and the World Covered Court Championships (held in various locations) were considered the premier international tennis events by the ILTF.[7][8] Tony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of those earlier majors in one year – 1913. It has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925. It was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French opens due to the Second World War, the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles, and 1986 when there was no Australian Open at all.
The Grand Slam
The first definitive Grand Slam, of the current four majors, was accomplished when Don Budge won all four men's singles Majors in 1938. To date, 17 players have completed a Grand Slam. Of these players, three have won multiple Grand Slams: Rod Laver accomplished the feat twice in men's singles; Margaret Court accomplished the feat three times, in two different disciplines – once in women's singles and twice in mixed doubles; and Esther Vergeer completed a grand slam twice in Women's wheelchair doubles.
The four Junior disciplines, boys'/girls' singles and doubles, provide limited opportunities to achieve a Grand Slam. Players are only eligible from age 13 to 18, with 18 year olds likely to hold a physical advantage. Only Stefan Edberg has completed the Grand Slam in a Junior discipline.
Yearly logistics
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Winners
Grand Slam wins
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Grand Slam completion
Chronological
| # | Year | Player | Discipline | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1938 |  Don Budge | Men's singles | Part of a total of 6 consecutive titles |
| 2 | 1951 |  Ken McGregor & Frank Sedgman | Men's doubles | Part of a total of 7 consecutive titles |
| 3 | 1953 | Maureen Connolly | Women's singles | Part of 6 consecutive titles |
| 4 | 1960 |  Maria Bueno | Women's doubles | With Christine Truman Janes and Darlene Hard |
| 5 | 1962 | Rod Laver | Men's singles | |
| 6 | 1963 | Margaret Court & Ken Fletcher | Mixed doubles | Part of consecutive titles (Court 7, Fletcher 6) |
| 7 | 1965 | Margaret Court | Mixed doubles | With Roy Emerson, Ken Fletcher and Fred Stolle – part of 5 consecutive titles |
| 8 | 1967 | Owen Davidson | Mixed doubles | With Lesley Turner Bowrey and Billie Jean King |
| 9 | 1969 | Rod Laver | Men's singles | Only player to complete the singles' Grand Slam twice |
| 10 | 1970 | Margaret Court | Women's singles | Six consecutive titles |
| 11 | 1983 |  Stefan Edberg (in junior tennis) | Boys' singles | Only Junior to complete a Grand Slam |
| 12 | 1984 | Martina Navratilova & Pam Shriver | Women's doubles | Eight consecutive titles |
| 13 | 1988 |  Steffi Graf | Women's singles | Five consecutive titles |
| 14 | 1998 |  Martina Hingis | Women's doubles | With Mirjana Lučić and Jana Novotná |
| 15 | 2009 |  Esther Vergeer & Korie Homan | Women's wheelchair doubles | Part of 14 consecutive titles for Vergeer |
| 16 | 2011 | Esther Vergeer & Sharon Walraven | Women's wheelchair doubles | Part of consecutive titles (Vergeer 8, Walraven 7) |
| 17 | 2013 | Aniek van Koot & Jiske Griffioen | Women's wheelchair doubles |
Per player
| Player | Grand Slams | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singles | Doubles | Mixed | Total | |
| Margaret Court | ||||
| Rod Laver | ||||
| Esther Vergeer (wheelchair tennis) | ||||
| Don Budge | ||||
| Ken McGregor | ||||
| Frank Sedgman | ||||
| Maureen Connolly Brinker | ||||
| Maria Bueno | ||||
| Ken Fletcher | ||||
| Owen Davidson | ||||
| Stefan Edberg (junior tennis) | ||||
| Martina Navratilova | ||||
| Pam Shriver | ||||
| Steffi Graf | ||||
| Martina Hingis | ||||
| Korie Homan (wheelchair tennis) | ||||
| Sharon Walraven (wheelchair tennis) | ||||
| Aniek van Koot (wheelchair tennis) | ||||
| Jiske Griffioen (wheelchair tennis) | ||||
Non-calendar year Grand Slam
In 1982 the International Tennis Federation (ITF) broadened the definition of the Grand Slam as meaning any four consecutive major victories, including the ones spanning two calendar years.[9] As defined in the constitution of the ITF: "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam".[10] As this definition differs from the original definition of the Grand Slam as restricted to a single calendar year, there has been some controversy towards this redefinition in the tennis world.[11][12] Subsequently, the ITF has distanced itself from the 1982 decision, reverting to the traditional calendar-year definition (when Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open to become the reigning champion of all four women's singles, the ITF awarded her $1 million Grand Slam bonus in recognition of her achievement.[9] However subsequently, the ITF abandoned recognizing non-calendar year grand slams.
Combining the Grand Slam and non-calendar year Grand Slam, the total number of times that players achieved the feat (of being the reigning champion in all four majors) expands to 18.
Laver was the most recent male grand-slammer even by this more relaxed definition until 2013, but still is the most recent single male grand-slammer. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde reached the final of the 1997 French Open holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek; in singles, Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007 and Novak Djokovic in 2012 repeated this, both ultimately losing the Paris final to Rafael Nadal. Nadal himself was denied from achieving this feat by his own countryman David Ferrer, who defeated him in the quarterfinal of the Australian Open 2011, with Nadal previously having won the French Open, Wimbledon and US Open in 2010.
Men's doubles
- Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan (2012–13)
- Four consecutive major titles from 2012 US Open to the 2013 Wimbledon (in addition, they won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics' men's doubles competition, thus holding the four Grand Slams and Olympic titles at the same time).
Women's singles
- Martina Navratilova (1983–84)
- Six consecutive major titles from 1983 Wimbledon to US Open 1984.
- Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.
- Steffi Graf (1993–94)
- Four consecutive major titles from 1993 French Open to the 1994 Australian Open.
- Serena Williams (2002–03)
- Four consecutive major titles from 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open.
Women's doubles
- Pam Shriver and Martina Navratilova (1986–87)
- Four consecutive major titles from 1986 Wimbledon to the 1987 French Open.
- Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva (1992–93)
- Six consecutive major titles from the 1992 French Open to 1993 Wimbledon.
- Natasha Zvereva (1996–97)
- Four consecutive major titles from the 1996 US Open to 1997 Wimbledon (three times with Gigi Fernández and the 1997 Australian Open won with Martina Hingis).
- Serena Williams and Venus Williams (2009–2010)
- Four consecutive titles from 2009 Wimbledon to the 2010 French Open.
Women's wheelchair doubles
- Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven (2010–2011)
- Six consecutive major titles from the 2010 French Open to 2011 Wimbledon.
Most consecutive Grand Slam tournament titles
Men's singles
- 6: Don Budge (from the 1937 Wimbledon to the 1938 U.S. Championships).
Women's singles
- 6: Maureen Connolly Brinker (from the 1952 Wimbledon to the 1953 U.S. Championships).
- 6: Margaret Court (from the 1969 US Open to the 1971 Australian Open).
- 6: Martina Navratilova (from the 1983 Wimbledon to the 1984 US Open).
- Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.
Men's doubles
Team:
- 7: Ken McGregor and Frank Sedgman (from the 1951 Australian Championships to the 1952 Wimbledon)
Player:
- 8: Frank Sedgman (from the 1950 U.S. Championships to the 1952 Wimbledon)
Women's doubles
Team and Player:
- 8: Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver (from the 1983 Wimbledon to the 1985 French Open)
Mixed doubles
Team:
- 6: Margaret Court and Ken Fletcher (from the 1963 Australian Championships to the 1964 French Championships)
Player:
- 7: Margaret Court (from the 1962 US Championships to the 1964 French Championships)
Men's wheelchair singles
- 13: Shingo Kunieda (from the 2007 Australian Open to the 2011 French Open)
Women's wheelchair singles
- 13: Esther Vergeer (from the 2005 French Open to the 2009 US Open)
- 7: Esther Vergeer (from the 2010 French Open to the 2012 Wimbledon)
Women's wheelchair doubles
Team:
- 6: Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven (from the 2010 French Open to the 2011 Wimbledon)
Player:
- 14: Esther Vergeer (from the 2005 French Open to the 2009 US Open)
- 8: Esther Vergeer (from the 2010 French Open to the 2012 French Open)
Most consecutive Grand Slam singles finals
Men
| Rank | Player | Cons. finals | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roger Federer |
10 | 2005 Wimbledon Championships | 2007 US Open |
| 2 | Roger Federer |
8 | 2008 French Open | 2010 Australian Open |
| 3 | Jack Crawford |
7 | 1934 Australian Championships | 1935 Wimbledon Championships |
| 4 | Don Budge |
6 | 1937 Wimbledon Championships | 1938 U.S. Championships |
| = | Rod Laver |
6 | 1961 Wimbledon Championships | 1962 U.S. Championships |
| 6 |  Fred Perry |
5 | 1934 Wimbledon Championships | 1935 Wimbledon Championships |
| = | Frank Sedgman |
5 | 1951 U.S. Championships | 1952 U.S. Championships |
| = | Fred Stolle |
5 | 1964 Wimbledon Championships | 1965 Wimbledon Championships |
| = |  Rafael Nadal |
5 | 2011 French Open | 2012 French Open |
| 10 | Lew Hoad |
4 | 1956 Australian Championships | 1956 U.S. Championships |
| = | Rod Laver |
4 | 1969 Australian Open | 1969 US Open |
| = | Andre Agassi |
4 | 1999 French Open | 2000 Australian Open |
| = |  Novak Djokovic |
4 | 2011 Wimbledon Championships | 2012 French Open |
Women
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Most Grand Slam singles titles in a row (non-consecutive)
Helen Wills Moody won all 16 of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played beginning with the 1924 U.S. Championships and extending to the 1933 Wimbledon Championships (not counting her defaults in the 1926 French and Wimbledon Championships). The first 15 of those were won without losing a set. During this period, she won 6 Wimbledons, 4 French Championships, and 6 U.S. Championships. She also won the 1924 Summer Olympics during this period. Moody never entered the Australian Championships.
Most Grand Slam mixed doubles titles in a row (non-consecutive)
Doris Hart won all 13 of the Grand Slam mixed doubles tournaments she played beginning with the 1951 French Championships and extending to the 1955 U.S. Championships. During this period, she won 5 Wimbledons, 3 French Championships, and 5 U.S. Championships.
Career Grand Slam
The career achievement of all four major championships in one discipline is termed a Career Grand Slam in that discipline. Dozens of players have accomplished that (column two) and 17 have doubled it: won a second championship in each of the four majors in one discipline (column three). Two or more career championships in all four majors is sometimes called a "Multiple Slam Set". Three players have Multiple Slam Sets in two disciplines, one in three disciplines, so 22 players are counted in the table (column three). Their achievements are tabulated below.
| Discipline | Numbers of players | |
|---|---|---|
| completed the Career GS | completed at least two | |
| Men's Singles | 7 players (2 Golden) | 2 players |
| Women's Singles | 10 players (2 Golden) | 4 players |
| Men's Doubles | 21 players (14 as teams) | 5 players (2 as a team) |
| Women's Doubles | 21 players (10 as teams) | 8 players (6 as teams) |
| Mixed Doubles | 15 players (5 as teams) | 4 players (2 as teams) |
Seven men and ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and four women have at least two CGS in singles (column three).
Since the beginning of the open era, four men and six women have done it (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal; Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova).
Several singles players have won multiple major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam. Björn Borg never won the US Open or the Australian Open, and John McEnroe never won the Australian Open or the French Open. Ken Rosewall, Guillermo Vilas, Ivan Lendl, Monica Seles, Mats Wilander, and Justine Henin failed to win Wimbledon. Pete Sampras, John Newcombe, Arthur Ashe, Jimmy Connors, Boris Becker, Stefan Edberg, Martina Hingis, and Lindsay Davenport failed to win the French Open. Evonne Goolagong Cawley never won the US Open. Helen Wills Moody and Althea Gibson never won the Australian Open.
Among active singles players who won multiple championships, neither Andy Murray, Lleyton Hewitt nor Venus Williams have won either the Australian Open or the French Open; Novak Djokovic has not won the French Open.
Only six players have completed a CGS in both singles and doubles, one male (Roy Emerson) and five female (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams). Court, Hart and Navratilova are the only three players to have completed a "Career Boxed Set", winning all four titles in singles, doubles and mixed doubles; this has never been done by a male player.
The remainder of this section is a complete list, by discipline, of all players who have won the Career Grand Slam. Players are ordered chronologically by their completion of the Slam.
Men's singles
Seven men have won the four grand slam tournaments. Two of the seven men achieved a double career Slam.
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fred Perry | 26 | 1934 | 1935 | 1934 | 1933 |
| 2 | Don Budge | 23 | 1938 | 1938 | 1937 | 1937 |
| 3 | Rod Laver | 24 | 1960 | 1962 | 1961 | 1962 |
| 4 | Roy Emerson | 27 | 1961 | 1963 | 1964 | 1961 |
| 5 | Andre Agassi | 29 | 1995 | 1999 | 1992 | 1994 |
| 6 | Roger Federer | 27 | 2004 | 2009 | 2003 | 2004 |
| 7 | Rafael Nadal | 24 | 2009 | 2005 | 2008 | 2010 |
Women's singles
Each woman's "first wins" in the four Majors are listed chronologically and their ages upon completion of the Slam are given in brackets. Five of the ten women achieved at least a double career Slam, led by Steffi Graf's quadruple Slam.
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maureen Connolly Brinker | 18 years 254 days | 1953 | 1953 | 1952 | 1951 |
| 2 | Doris Hart | 28 years 359 days | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1954 |
| 3 | Shirley Fry Irvin | 29 years 211 days | 1957 | 1951 | 1956 | 1956 |
| 4 | Margaret Court | 20 years 353 days | 1960 | 1962 | 1963 | 1962 |
| 5 | Billie Jean King | 28 years 241 days | 1968 | 1972 | 1966 | 1967 |
| 6 | Chris Evert | 28 years 357 days | 1982 | 1974 | 1974 | 1975 |
| 7 | Martina Navratilova | 26 years 328 days | 1981 | 1982 | 1978 | 1983 |
| 8 | Steffi Graf | 19 years 89 days | 1988 | 1987 | 1988 | 1988 |
| 9 | Serena Williams | 21 years 121 days | 2003 | 2002 | 2002 | 1999 |
| 10 |  Maria Sharapova | 25 years 51 days | 2008 | 2012 | 2004 | 2006 |
===Men's doubles===
At Men's Doubles, 21 players have won the career Slam including fourteen who "slammed" with one partner. The latter are listed first, as seven teams, ignoring any major wins with other partners. Five of the 21 men achieved at least a double career Slam at Men's Doubles, led by Roy Emerson and John Newcombe with triple Slams.
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adrian Quist | 1936 | 1935 | 1935 | 1939 | |
| 2 | Frank Sedgman | 24 | 1951 | 1951 | 1948 | 1950 |
| 3 | Ken McGregor | 23 | 1951 | 1951 | 1951 | 1951 |
| 4 | Lew Hoad | 21 | 1953 | 1953 | 1953 | 1956 |
| Ken Rosewall | 1953 | 1953 | 1956 | 1956 | ||
| 6 | Neale Fraser | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1957 | |
| 7 | Roy Emerson | 1962 | 1960 | 1959 | 1959 | |
| 8 | John Newcombe | 1965 | 1967 | 1965 | 1967 | |
| Tony Roche | 1965 | 1967 | 1965 | 1967 | ||
| 10 |  Bob Hewitt | 1963 | 1972 | 1962 | 1977 | |
| 11 | John Fitzgerald | 1982 | 1986 | 1989 | 1984 | |
| Anders Järryd | 1987 | 1983 | 1989 | 1987 | ||
| 13 | Jacco Eltingh | 1994 | 1995 | 1994 | 1998 | |
| Paul Haarhuis | 1994 | 1995 | 1994 | 1998 | ||
| 15 | Todd Woodbridge | 1992 | 2000 | 1993 | 1995 | |
| Mark Woodforde | 1992 | 2000 | 1993 | 1989 | ||
| 17 | Jonas Björkman | 1998 | 2005 | 2002 | 2003 | |
| 18 | Bob Bryan | 2006 | 2003 | 2006 | 2005 | |
| Mike Bryan | 2006 | 2003 | 2006 | 2005 | ||
| 20 |  Daniel Nestor | 2002 | 2007 | 2008 | 2004 | |
| 21 |  Leander Paes | 2012 | 1999 | 1999 | 2006 |
Women's doubles
At Women's Doubles, 20 players have won the career Slam including ten who "slammed" with one partner. Eight of the 20 achieved at least a double career Slam at Women's Doubles, led by Martina Navratilova with seven or more titles in each Major.
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Louise Brough Clapp | 1950 | 1946 | 1946 | 1942 | |
| 2 | Doris Hart | 1949 | 1951 | 1951 | 1951 | |
| 3 | Shirley Fry Irvin | 1957 | 1950 | 1951 | 1951 | |
| 4 | Althea Gibson | 1957 | 1956 | 1956 | 1957 | |
| 5 | Maria Bueno | 1960 | 1960 | 1958 | 1960 | |
| 6 | Margaret Court | 1961 | 1964 | 1964 | 1963 | |
| Lesley Turner Bowrey | 1964 | 1964 | 1964 | 1961 | ||
| 8 | Judy Tegart Dalton | 1964 | 1966 | 1969 | 1970 | |
| 9 |  / Martina Navratilova | 1980 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | |
| 10 | Kathy Jordan | 1981 | 1980 | 1980 | 1981 | |
| Anne Smith | 1981 | 1980 | 1980 | 1981 | ||
| 12 | Pam Shriver | 1982 | 1984 | 1981 | 1983 | |
| 13 | Helena Suková | 1990 | 1990 | 1987 | 1985 | |
| 14 | Gigi Fernández | 1993 | 1991 | 1992 | 1988 | |
 /.svg.png){kind=small} Natasha Zvereva | 1993 | 1989 | 1991 | 1991 | ||
| 16 | / Jana Novotná | 1990 | 1990 | 1989 | 1994 | |
| 17 | Martina Hingis | 1997 | 1998 | 1996 | 1998 | |
| 18 | Serena Williams | 2001 | 1999 | 2000 | 1999 | |
| Venus Williams | 2001 | 1999 | 2000 | 1999 | ||
| 20 | Lisa Raymond | 2000 | 2006 | 2001 | 2001 |
===Mixed doubles===
At Mixed Doubles, a total of 15 players have won the career Slam, including five who "slammed" as a pair (won all four with same partner) — an odd number because Margaret Court has accomplished a career Grand Slam separately with Ken Fletcher and Marty Riessen. The other two of the five are Doris Hart and Frank Sedgman. Also three of the 15 players have accomplished multiple career Grand Slams in mixed doubles, led by Margaret Court's quadruple Slam.
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Jean Borotra | 1928 | 1927 | 1925 | 1926 | |
| 2 | Doris Hart | 1949 | 1951 | 1951 | 1951 | |
| Frank Sedgman | 1949 | 1951 | 1951 | 1951 | ||
| 4 | Margaret Court | 1963 | 1963 | 1963 | 1961 | |
| 5 | Ken Fletcher | 1963 | 1963 | 1963 | 1963 | |
| 6 | Owen Davidson | 1965 | 1967 | 1967 | 1966 | |
| 7 | Billie Jean King | 1968 | 1967 | 1967 | 1967 | |
| 8 | Marty Riessen | 1969 | 1969 | 1975 | 1969 | |
| 9 | Bob Hewitt | 1961 | 1970 | 1977 | 1979 | |
| 10 | Mark Woodforde | 1992 | 1992 | 1993 | 1992 | |
| 11 | Todd Woodbridge | 1993 | 1995 | 1994 | 1990 | |
| 12 | / Martina Navratilova | 2003 | 1974 | 1985 | 1985 | |
| 13 |  Daniela Hantuchová | 2002 | 2005 | 2001 | 2005 | |
| 14 | Mahesh Bhupathi | 2006 | 1997 | 2002 | 1999 | |
| 15 |  Cara Black | 2010 | 2002 | 2004 | 2008 |
Boys singles
- Stefan Edberg (1983)
Boys doubles
- Mark Kratzmann (1983 French Open, Wimbledon & US Open; 1984 Australian Open)
Men wheelchair doubles
Wheelchair tennis Grand Slams are possible only in men's doubles and women's doubles.[nb 1]
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Kunieda, ShingoShingo Kunieda (JPN) | 24 | 2007 | 2008 | 2006 | 2007 |
| 2 | Jeremiasz, MichaelMichael Jeremiasz (FRA) | 32 | 2003 | 2009 | 2009 | 2005 |
| 3 | Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet (FRA) | 40 | 2010 | 2007 | 2009 | 2009 |
| 4 | Scheffers, MaikelMaikel Scheffers (NED) | 28 | 2011 | 2008 | 2011 | 2010 |
Women wheelchair doubles
Wheelchair tennis Grand Slams are possible only in men's doubles and women's doubles.[nb 1]
| # | Player | Age | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer (NED) | 27 | 2004 | 2007 | 2009 | 2005 |
| 2 | Homan, KorieKorie Homan (NED) | 29 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2005 |
| 3 | Walraven, SharonSharon Walraven (NED) | 40 | 2011 | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 |
| 4 | Griffioen, JiskeJiske Griffioen (NED) | 27 | 2006 | 2008 | 2012 | 2006 |
| 5 | van Koot, AniekAniek van Koot (NED) | 23 | 2010 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 |
Golden Slam
Tennis was an Olympic sport from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics through the 1924 Games, then was dropped for the next 64 years (except as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984) before returning in 1988. As there were only three Major championships designated by the International Lawn Tennis Federation before 1925, none of the tennis players who participated in the Olympics between 1896 and 1924 had a chance to complete a Golden Slam. However although it didn't occur, there was a possibility to complete a Career Golden Slam by winning the 1920 Olympics or 1924 Olympics plus each of the four grand slams, all of which were present from 1925 onwards. The term Golden Slam (initially "Golden Grand Slam") was coined in 1988.[13]
Singles players who won a Golden Slam
- Steffi Graf (1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open & 1988 Olympic gold medal)
Non-calendar year Golden Slam
Winning four consecutive Grand Slam tournaments and Olympic event in the period of twelve months, although not in one year is called Non-calendar year Golden Slam.[14] Only Bob and Mike Bryan have achieved this by winning the 2012 Olympics, 2012 US Open, 2013 Australian Open, 2013 French Open and 2013 Wimbledon Championships. After they won the final at Wimbledon, this was coined the "Golden Bryan Slam".[15]
Career Golden Slam
A player who wins all four Grand Slam tournaments and the Olympic gold medal during his or her career is said to have achieved a Career Golden Slam. Serena Williams is the only player to have achieved a career golden slam in both singles and doubles.
| # | Player | Discipline | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open |  Olympics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pam Shriver | Women's doubles | 1982 | 1984 | 1981 | 1983 | 1988 |
| 2 | Steffi Graf | Women's singles | 1988 | 1987 | 1988 | 1988 | 1988 |
| 3 | Gigi Fernández | Women's doubles | 1993 | 1991 | 1992 | 1988 | 1992 |
| 4 | Andre Agassi | Men's singles | 1995 | 1999 | 1992 | 1994 | 1996 |
| 5 | Todd Woodbridge | Men's doubles | 1992 | 2000 | 1993 | 1992 | 1996 |
| Mark Woodforde | Men's doubles | 1992 | 2000 | 1993 | 1992 | 1996 | |
| 7 | Serena Williams | Women's doubles | 2001 | 1999 | 2000 | 1999 | 2000 |
| Venus Williams | Women's doubles | 2001 | 1999 | 2000 | 1999 | 2000 | |
| 9 | Shingo Kunieda | Men's wheelchair doubles | 2009 | 2008 | 2006 | 2007 | 2004 |
| 10 | Korie Homan | Women's wheelchair doubles | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2005 | 2008 |
| 11 | Esther Vergeer | Women's wheelchair doubles | 2004 | 2007 | 2009 | 2005 | 2000 |
| 12 | Daniel Nestor | Men's doubles | 2002 | 2007 | 2009 | 2004 | 2000 |
| 13 | Michael Jeremiasz | Men's wheelchair doubles | 2003 | 2009 | 2009 | 2005 | 2008 |
| 14 | Stéphane Houdet | Men's wheelchair doubles | 2010 | 2007 | 2009 | 2009 | 2008 |
| 15 | Rafael Nadal | Men's singles | 2009 | 2005 | 2008 | 2010 | 2008 |
| 16 | Sharon Walraven | Women's wheelchair doubles | 2011 | 2011 | 2010 | 2010 | 2008 |
| 17 | Bob Bryan | Men's doubles | 2006 | 2003 | 2006 | 2005 | 2012 |
| Mike Bryan | Men's doubles | 2006 | 2003 | 2006 | 2005 | 2012 | |
| 19 | Serena Williams | Women's singles | 2003 | 2002 | 2002 | 1999 | 2012 |
Super Slam
In 1970, a tournament was created to reunite the top players of the season, being contested in the end of the year. This tournament today is known as ATP World Tour Finals (WTA Tour Championships for women) and is the last official competition of the ATP season. Winning the Finals, alongside with the four Grand Slams and the Olympic gold medal is nowadays known as completing the Super Slam.[16][17][18] But this achievement only became possible since 1988, when tennis returned to the Olympic calendar.
No player ever completed the Super Slam in one season.
Non-calendar year Super Slam
Only one player completed the Super Slam in an 1-year period:
- Steffi Graf (1987 WTA Tour Championships, 1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open & 1988 Olympic gold medal)
Career Super Slam
Only a few players completed the Super Slam throughout their career:
Three Major tournament titles in a year
Players who have won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in the same year. Jack Crawford, Lew Hoad and Martina Navratilova won the first three events, but lost the last grand slam tournament. Crawford, an asthmatic, won two of the first three sets of the 1933 U.S. Championships final against Fred Perry, then tired in the heat and lost the last two sets and the match.[19]
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Triple Crown
Winning a trifecta of singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles at one Grand slam event has become a rare accomplishment. This is partly because the final match in all three disciplines often takes place concurrently in the same day if not in consecutive days. Doris Hart for example attained her first Triple Crown after playing three Wimbledon final matches held in one single day.
Notes:
- This list excludes the 1909 triple triple crown of Jeanne Matthey and the 1920, 1921, 1922 and 1923 triple crown wins of Suzanne Lenglen. The French Championship tennis tournament at the time was a domestic competition not recognized as an international major. At the time the major clay court event (actual precursor of the French Open in its current international format) was the World Hard Court Championships, where Suzanne Lenglen also attained triple championship in 1921 and 1922).
- Also the 1941 triple championship of Alice Weiwers is not listed due to its disputed official status: French championships held in Vichy France from 1941 to 1945 are currently not recognized by Fédération Française de Tennis.
Boxed Set
Another Grand Slam-related accomplishment is winning a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles – which is at least one of every possible type of Major championship available to a player: the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at all four Grand Slam events of the year. This has never been accomplished within a year or consecutively across two calendar years.
Career Boxed Set
The Career Boxed set is winning the same set of all possible grand slam titles over the course of an entire career. No male player has won a complete set of all titles. Men who participate in top/elite level singles have played comparatively few doubles, and very few mixed doubles. So far, only three women have completed the boxed set during their careers:
| Boxed Sets (minimum amount of each of all possible titles) | Player |
|---|---|
| Margaret Court | |
| Doris Hart | |
| Martina Navratilova |
Court is not only unique in having two boxed sets, but is also unique in the timing of her accomplishments. Her first boxed set was completed before the start of the open era, and she has a boxed set achieved solely within the open era.
Serena Williams has come closer than any other currently active player to joining this elite group. She has yet to win the mixed doubles at the Australian and French Opens (finishing as the runner-up at the 1999 Australian Open and 1998 French Open). Prior to Williams, it was Billie Jean King who came close at completing a career boxed set. She only needed the Australian Open women's doubles title and although she reached the final twice (in 1965 and 1969), she failed to win the title.
Multiple Career Grand Slams
Of the many players who have managed to win a full set of four Majors, there is a small number who have gone on to win all four Majors a second or more times. The completion of "Multiple Career Grand Slams" or sometimes called "multiple slam sets" (MSS) has been achieved by only 22 unique players up to the end of the 2013 French Open. MSS players can be found in each of the five tennis disciplines: men's or women's singles, men's or women's doubles, mixed doubles. It can also be found in women's wheelchair doubles. Of these, five players have completed MSS in more than one discipline: Roy Emerson, Martina Navratilova, Frank Sedgman and Serena Williams have MSS in two disciplines, Margaret Court has MSS in three disciplines.
This table shows each multiple occurrence of a complete MSS for each of the players who have accomplished multiple slams in a particular tennis discipline. The year shown for each of the four Majors is the year that particular Major win was repeated as part of that player's achievement of their second (all 22 players) and third (8 players) and fourth (4 players) and fifth through seventh (Martina Navratilova, in women’s doubles) complete slam set of Major wins.
For example, the fourth row shows that Margaret Court completed her third career slam set in Women's Singles —winning each of the four majors three times— during the 1970 Wimbledon Championships (bold). More specific, she won: Australian open 11 times, the third in 1962; French Open five times, the third in 1969; Wimbledon three times (determins the maximum of sets), the third in 1970 and finally US Open five times, the third in 1969. Grey background shades lesser achievements by the same player in the same discipline (e.g., Court in the seventh row); yellow highlights the greatest achievement in the discipline (e.g., Graf in the third row).
| Name | Country | Discipline | MSS | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09 | Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson | AUS | Men's Singles | 2 | 1963 | 1967 | 1965 | 1964 |
| 13 | Laver, RodRod Laver | AUS | Men's Singles | 2 | 1962 | 1969 | 1962 | 1969 |
| 34 | Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf | GER | Women's Singles | 4 | 1994 | 1995 | 1992 | 1995 |
| 15 | Court, MargaretMargaret Court | AUS | Women's Singles | 3 | 1962 | 1969 | 1970 | 1969 |
| 21 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Singles | 2 | 1983 | 1984 | 1979 | 1984 |
| 22 | Evert, ChrisChris Evert | USA | Women's Singles | 2 | 1984 | 1975 | 1976 | 1976 |
| 42 | Williams, SerenaSerena Williams | USA | Women's Singles | 2 | 2005 | 2013 | 2003 | 2002 |
| 06 | Court, MargaretMargaret Court | AUS | Women's Singles | 2 | 1961 | 1964 | 1965 | 1965 |
| 30 | Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf | FRG | Women's Singles | 2 | 1989 | 1988 | 1989 | 1989 |
| 31 | Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf | GER | Women's Singles | 3 | 1990 | 1993 | 1991 | 1993 |
| 16 | Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson | AUS | Men's Doubles | 3 | 1969 | 1962 | 1971 | 1965 |
| 18 | Newcombe, JohnJohn Newcombe | AUS | Men's Doubles | 3 | 1971 | 1973 | 1968 | 1973 |
| 01 | Sedgman, FrankFrank Sedgman | AUS | Men's Doubles | 2 | 1952 | 1952 | 1951 | 1951 |
| 04 | Fraser, NealeNeale Fraser | AUS | Men's Doubles | 2 | 1958 | 1960 | 1961 | 1960 |
| 10 | Stolle, FredFred Stolle | AUS | Men's Doubles | 2 | 1964 | 1968 | 1964 | 1966 |
| 14 | Rosewall, KenKen Rosewall | AUS | Men's Doubles | 2 | 1956 | 1968 | 1956 | 1969 |
| 43 | Bryan, BobBob Bryan | USA | Men's Doubles | 2 | 2007 | 2013 | 2011 | 2008 |
| 44 | Bryan, MikeMike Bryan | USA | Men's Doubles | 2 | 2007 | 2013 | 2011 | 2008 |
| 07 | Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson | AUS | Men's Doubles | 2 | 1966 | 1961 | 1961 | 1960 |
| 17 | Newcombe, JohnJohn Newcombe | AUS | Men's Doubles | 2 | 1967 | 1969 | 1966 | 1971 |
| 28 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Doubles | 7 | 1988 | 1988 | 1986 | 1987 |
| 29 | Shriver, PamPam Shriver | USA | Women's Doubles | 4 | 1985 | 1988 | 1984 | 1987 |
| 35 | Zvereva, NatashaNatasha Zvereva |  BLR | Women's Doubles | 3 | 1997 | 1993 | 1993 | 1995 |
| 12 | Court, MargaretMargaret Court | AUS | Women's Doubles | 2 | 1962 | 1965 | 1969 | 1968 |
| 32 | Fernández, GigiGigi Fernández | USA | Women's Doubles | 2 | 1994 | 1992 | 1993 | 1990 |
| 36 | Novotná, JanaJana Novotná | CZE | Women's Doubles | 2 | 1995 | 1991 | 1990 | 1997 |
| 37 | Williams, SerenaSerena Williams | USA | Women's Doubles | 2 | 2003 | 2010 | 2002 | 2009 |
| 38 | Williams, VenusVenus Williams | USA | Women's Doubles | 2 | 2003 | 2010 | 2002 | 2009 |
| 19 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Doubles | 2 | 1982 | 1982 | 1979 | 1978 |
| 20 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Doubles | 3 | 1983 | 1984 | 1981 | 1980 |
| 23 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Doubles | 4 | 1984 | 1985 | 1982 | 1983 |
| 25 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Doubles | 5 | 1985 | 1986 | 1983 | 1984 |
| 26 | Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova | USA | Women's Doubles | 6 | 1987 | 1987 | 1984 | 1986 |
| 24 | Shriver, PamPam Shriver | USA | Women's Doubles | 2 | 1983 | 1985 | 1982 | 1984 |
| 27 | Shriver, PamPam Shriver | USA | Women's Doubles | 3 | 1984 | 1987 | 1983 | 1986 |
| 33 | Zvereva, NatashaNatasha Zvereva | BLR | Women's Doubles | 2 | 1994 | 1992 | 1992 | 1992 |
| 11 | Court, MargaretMargaret Court | AUS | Mixed Doubles | 4 | 1969 | 1969 | 1968 | 1964 |
| 02 | Hart, DorisDoris Hart | USA | Mixed Doubles | 2 | 1950 | 1952 | 1952 | 1952 |
| 03 | Sedgman, FrankFrank Sedgman | AUS | Mixed Doubles | 2 | 1950 | 1952 | 1952 | 1952 |
| 40 | Bhupathi, MaheshMahesh Bhupathi | IND | Mixed Doubles | 2 | 2009 | 2012 | 2005 | 2005 |
| 05 | Court, MargaretMargaret Court | AUS | Mixed Doubles | 2 | 1964 | 1964 | 1965 | 1962 |
| 08 | Court, MargaretMargaret Court | AUS | Mixed Doubles | 3 | 1965 | 1965 | 1966 | 1963 |
| 41 | Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer | NED | Women's wheelchair doubles | 3 | 2012 | 2012 | 2011 | 2011 |
| 39 | Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer | NED | Women's wheelchair doubles | 2 | 2011 | 2011 | 2010 | 2010 |
By discipline (numbers of players and table entries)
- Men's Singles (2 people; 2 entries)
- Women's Singles (5 people; 8 entries)
- Men's Doubles (8 people; 10 entries)
- Women's Doubles (8 people; 16 entries)
- Mixed Doubles (4 people, 6 entries)
- Women's Wheelchair Doubles (1 people; 2 entries)[nb 1]
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Wimbledon have never hosted singles tournament for wheelchairs. Notwithstanding year when the US Open did not take place due to date clashes with the Paralympics.
References
- ↑ http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Rankings-FAQ.aspx?#points
- ↑ USOpen.org
- ↑ Grandslamhistory.com
- ↑ LA Times
- ↑ "Slam". Online Etymological Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ↑ http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19330718&id=c3gzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DeIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2327,2495314
- ↑ "The first World Clay Court Championships". Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ↑ Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. The Viking Press. p. 33.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Stratte-McClure, Joel (25 June 1984). "Martina Navratilova Takes the Grand Slam and Nets a Cool Million While She's at It". People. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
- ↑ 2010 Constitution of the International Tennis Federation Limited
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, Curry (18 June 1984). "Worthy Of Really High Fives". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ↑ Newman, Paul (13 January 2011). "Nadal:This will be my only shot at doing the Grand Slam". The independent. UK. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ↑ Tandon, Kamakshi (5 January 2009). "Gold Standard: Graf mints Golden Slam in 1988". tennis.com. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
- ↑ Cronin, Matt (2 July 2013). "Bryan Twins on Verge of Golden Slam". 10sBalls.com. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ↑ Gibson, Owen (6 July 2013). "Bob and Mike Bryan complete the 'Golden Bryan Slam' at Wimbledon". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
- ↑ "Top 10 Men's Tennis Players of All Time". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ↑ "Rafael Nadal Will Bid To Emulate Andre Agassi at the World Tour Finals". Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ↑ Nelson, Murry R. American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. p. 26.
- ↑ George Vecsey (11 September 1988). "Sports of The Times; A Champion For All Seasons". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ↑ Jimmy Connors at the Association of Tennis Professionals. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grand Slam (tennis). |
- Official website of the Australian Open
- Official website of the French Open
- Official website of Wimbledon
- Official website of the US Open
- All-times Grand Slam tournaments finals - Reference book.
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