Glyptothorax
| Glyptothorax | |
|---|---|
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| Glyptothorax lonah | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Superfamily: | Sisoroidea |
| Family: | Sisoridae |
| Subfamily: | Glyptosterninae |
| Tribe: | Glyptothoracini de Pinna, 1996 |
| Genus: | Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860 |
| Type species | |
| Glyptosternon striatus McClelland, 1842 | |
| Species | |
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See text. | |
| Synonyms | |
Glyptothorax is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Sisoridae. It is the most species-rich and widely distributed genus in the family with new species being discovered on a regular basis.
Distribution
Glyptothorax species are distributed in the Black Sea basin, northern Turkey, south and east to the Yangtze River drainage in China and south throughout Indo-China to Java, Indonesia.[1] They are found in Asia Minor (in the Tigris and Euphrates River drainages) and southwards to Southeast Asia. The genus is very diverse in the Indian subcontinent.[2] Southeast Asian Glyptothorax species tend to have restricted distributions.[3]
Description
Glyptothorax is easily distinguished from other sisorids by having an adhesive apparatus on the thorax with grooves parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body, as opposed to grooves transverse to the longitudinal axis of body or the thoracic adhesive apparatus entirely absent.[1] The dorsal fin and pectoral fins have strong spines. The dorsal fin spine is smooth or serrate on the front edge and smooth or finely serrated on the posterior edge. The pectoral fin spine is serrated on the front edge. The head is small and depressed and the snout is conical. The body is elongate, from moderately to greatly depressed. The skin is either smooth or tuberculate. The eys are small and dorsally placed. The lips are thick, fleshy, and often papillate. The maxillary barbels have a well-developed membrane and a soft base. The gill openings are wide. The paired fins are plaited and modified to form an adhesive apparatus in some species of Glyptothorax.[1]
Ecology
Like other sisorids, these fish are rheophilic, that is they inhabit fast-flowing streams, where they are adapted to live by using the adhesive apparatus on the underside to attach themselves to rocks and prevent being washed away.[3]
Species
There are currently 97 recognized species in this genus
Glyptothorax kashmirensis
Glyptothorax kashmirensis is known only from the Jhelum River in Kashmir, which is currently being dammed in several locations. This will impact the fast flowing river species specialist due to habitat loss and from potential introduction of exotic invasive fish species into the reservoirs. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered due to a predicted decline of more than 80% over the next five to ten years due to the above severe, irreversible threats.
Kullander et al. (1999) do not consider this species to be threatened and indicated that this species may efficiently use fish ladders if provided. However, the current situation with development activities on the river are of serious concern to the species (M. Arunachalam pers. comm., 2010). The species will be affected drastically as it is a fast flowing river species, with dams causing pools and alterations to the river flow regime. Also, from experience it is seen that reservoirs are stocked with exotics, which could impact this species.
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Thomson, Alfred W.; Page, Lawrence M. (2006). "Genera of the Asian Catfish Families Sisoridae and Erethistidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1345: 1–96.
- ↑ Ng, Heok Hee (2005). "Glyptothorax botius (Hamilton, 1822), a valid species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from northeast India, with notes on the identity of G. telchitta (Hamilton, 1822)" (PDF). Zootaxa 930: 1–19.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ng, Heok Hee; Rachmatika, Ike (2005). "Glyptothorax exodon, a New Species of Rheophilic Catfish from Borneo (Teleostei: Sisoridae)" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (2): 251–255.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Glyptothorax in FishBase. April 2013 version.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ng, H.H. & Lalramliana (2012): Glyptothorax scrobiculus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes) from northeastern India. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 1-9.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ng, H.H. & Lalramliana (2012): Glyptothorax maceriatus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) from north-eastern India. Zootaxa, 3416: 44–52.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rameshori, Y. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): A new catfish of the genus Glyptothorax from the Kaladan basin, Northeast India (Teleostei: Sisoridae). Zootaxa, 3538: 79–87.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Rameshori, Y. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Glyptothorax verrucosus, a new sisorid catfish species from the Koladyne basin, Mizoram, India (Teleostei: Sisoridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (2): 147-154.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Anganthoibi, N. & Vishwanath, W. (2013): Glyptothorax pantherinus, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from the Noa Dehing River, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Ichthyological Research, published online, 09 FEB 2013, DOI: 10.1007/s10228-012-0328-5
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Plamoottil, M. & Abraham, N.P. (2013): Glyptothorax elankadensis (Order-Siluriformes: family- Sisoridae), a new fish species from Manimala River, Kerala, India. Biosystematica, 6 (2): 17-25.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ng, H.H. & Kullander, S.O. (2013): Glyptothorax igniculus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from Myanmar. Zootaxa, 3681 (5): 552–562.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ng, H.H. & Lalramliana (2013): Glyptothorax radiolus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes) from northeastern India, with a redescription of G. striatus McClelland 1842. Zootaxa, 3682 (4): 501–512.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Jiang, W., Ng, H.H., Yang, J. & Chen, X. (2012): A taxonomic review of the catfish identified as Glyptothorax zanaensis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Sisoridae), with the descriptions of two new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 165 (2): 363–389.
- ↑ Rameshori, Y. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Glyptothorax jayarami, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. Zootaxa, 3304: 54–62.
- ↑ Ng, H.H., Jiang, W.-S. & Chen, X.-Y. (2012): Glyptothorax lanceatus, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from southwestern China. Zootaxa 3250: 54–62.
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