Glenwood, Iowa

Glenwood, Iowa
City
Looking west at Glenwood from Old Slaughterhouse Hill at the Glenwood Lake Park
Motto: "The Best of Both Worlds"[1]
Location of Glenwood, Iowa
Coordinates: 41°2′44″N 95°44′33″W / 41.04556°N 95.74250°W / 41.04556; -95.74250Coordinates: 41°2′44″N 95°44′33″W / 41.04556°N 95.74250°W / 41.04556; -95.74250
Country	United States
State	Iowa
County	Mills
Area[2]
• Total	2.96 sq mi (7.67 km2)
• Land	2.95 sq mi (7.64 km2)
• Water	0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)
Elevation	1,017 ft (310 m)
Population (2010)[3]
• Total	5,269
• Estimate (2012[4])	5,232
• Density	1,786.1/sq mi (689.6/km2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code	51534
Area code(s)	712
FIPS code	19-31350
GNIS feature ID	0456928
Website	City of Gleenwood, Iowa

Glenwood is a city in and the county seat of Mills County, Iowa, United States.^[5] The population was 5,269 in the 2010 census, a decline from 5,358 in the 2000 census.^[6][7]

History

Located in a hollow of the Loess Hills on the east side of the Missouri River, Glenwood was established by Mormons in 1848 as Coonsville. It prospered during the California Gold Rush largely due to the grain mill on Keg Creek. Coonsville was the scene of anti-Mormon mob violence, became the county seat of Mills County in 1851, and was renamed Glenwood after most of Mormons left for Utah in 1852. Glenwood is named for a Presbyterian minister, Glenn Wood.^[8] The community supported the creation of Nebraska Territory in 1854. Two Glenwood attorneys were elected to the Nebraska territorial legislature, and they were run out of town for accepting shares in Scriptown. At the end of the Civil War, an Iowa Veteran's Orphans Home was founded here. The evangelist Billy Sunday lived at the orphanage as a child.

The Burlington and Missouri River Railroad was completed through Glenwood in 1869. During the late 19th century, the community was widely known as Iowa's center of fruit production, particularly of apples, and it hosted an annual Apple Carnival. Early industries included an iron foundry, an expansive marble and stone works, the Glenwood Creamery, and a large cannery that covered a city block on the east side of Locust Street. It distributed its products under the brand-name "The Glenwood." Darting & McGavern's "Sanitary" cannery on South Vine and Railroad Avenue canned tomatoes, pumpkin, apples, and beets into the 1920s.

In 1876 the State Veteran's Orphan's Home at Glenwood was adapted for use as the Iowa Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, the seventh such facility in the country and the first located west of the Mississippi River. The Glenwood facility expanded with increased acceptance of treatment and institutionalization for Intellectual Disability; it became the Iowa Institution for Feeble-Minded Children. The grounds and Administration Building were largely patterned on the Kirkbride Plan, as state funding permitted. (The historic Administration Building has since been demolished.)

The institution has long dominated Glenwood both economically and culturally, although the IIFMC was self-sufficient and intentionally isolated the residents from the rest of the town. By 1925, the Glenwood IIFMC was the home of 1,555 inmates classified as idiots, imbeciles, and morons, according to contemporary definitions. The IIFMC became the Glenwood State-Hospital School in 1941. By the early 1950s, the facility covered 1,185 acres (5 km²); it had 310 staff members for the 1,968 patients. Under the influence of eugenics theory, the state had ordered sterilization of those defined as feeble-minded or worse, and experimental treatments such as cold baths and electroshock were used to reduce symptoms of psychosis and depression.

The de-institutionalization of Glenwood began in the late 1950s. A November 17, 1957 article in the Des Moines Register revealed that Mayo Buckner had spent 59 years confined to Glenwood, despite an IQ of 120, indicating above-average intelligence. National attention followed for Buckner and the Glenwood State-Hospital School, which were featured in the December 9, 1957 issue of Time Magazine and the March 25, 1958 issue of Life Magazine. During the 1970s, the facility completed a transformation from traditional ward buildings into group home-styled cottages. It is now known as the Glenwood Resource Center and provides services and skills training to support people living in communities.

After World War II, the town of Glenwood became a center of meat-packing. During the early 1950s, it had one of America's largest kosher packinghouses, with most of its product shipped to New York and the East Coast. The packinghouse was later modified to process both cattle and pork; it was bought by Swift & Company and then closed in the 1980s. Meatpacking has moved to sites further west, closer to ranching areas.

Trajet, a whirlpool manufacturer, now occupies the former slaughterhouse. A large industrial laundry operated for most of the 20th century in the town until it was purchased and closed by Cintas.

Transportation links include the BNSF; U.S. Route 34, and U.S. Route 275 pass through Glenwood, and Interstate 29 is located a few miles west on the floodplain of the Missouri River. Tourist destinations are the Loess Hills and the National Scenic Byway.

Geography

View of Glenwood, Iowa looking north from the Loess Hills.

Glenwood is located at 41°2′44″N 95°44′33″W / 41.04556°N 95.74250°W / 41.04556; -95.74250 (41.045581, -95.742371).^[9]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.96 square miles (7.67 km²), of which, 2.95 square miles (7.64 km²) of it is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km²) is water.^[2]

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census^[3] of 2010, there were 5,269 people, 1,883 households, and 1,243 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,786.1 inhabitants per square mile (689.6 /km²). There were 2,045 housing units at an average density of 693.2 per square mile (267.6 /km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.8% White, 0.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 1,883 households of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.0% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the city was 38.1 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census^[10] of 2000, there were 5,358 people, 1,863 households, and 1,276 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,067.7 people per square mile (798.7/km²). There were 1,946 housing units at an average density of 751.0 per square mile (290.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.26% White, 0.62% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.49% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population.

There were 1,863 households out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09.

Population spread: 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,682, and the median income for a family was $46,555. Males had a median income of $29,918 versus $24,368 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,790. About 6.8% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

• Hiram Pitt Bennet, Congressional delegate from the Territory of Colorado and Colorado Secretary of State^[11]
• Christian Beranek, graphic novelist, actor and producer
• Elmer Burkett, U.S. Senator from Nebraska
• Alice Cooper (sculptor), sculptor
• Curt Kaufman, pitcher for the California Angels and the New York Yankees
• Clifford Rishell, Mayor of Oakland, California from 1949–1961
• Billy Sunday, evangelist
• Otha Wearin, U.S. Representative from Iowa

Landmarks and neighborhoods

The IIFMC Girls Cottage is at the far left in this view of the campus of the Glenwood Resource Center.

• The IIFMC Girls Cottage at the Glenwood Resource Center was built in 1912. At present it is used for offices by the Glenwood Community School District and remains one of the town's most distinguishing landmarks.
• The Glenwood Earth Lodge and Mills County Natural History Museum.
• The IIFMC Hospital at the Glenwood Resource Center was constructed during the 1890s with conical towers, Romanesque Revival arched balconies, an Italianate cupola, and still-impressive interior spiral staircase. The three-story brick building is presently used as offices by the Glenwood Resource Center.
• The IIFMC Fire Station at the Glenwood Resource Center was built in 1903 with a Dutch Colonial parapeted roof.
• The VJ Meyer School Building at the Glenwood Resource Center was built in the mid-1950s to improve the level of education available to residents confined to what was then the Glenwood State Hospital-School. The school was named after Dr. VJ Meyer, the Superintendent at Glenwood from 1945-1957. The building was dedicated in September 1957 when the gates of the institution were opened to the public for the first time. From 1992-2007 this was the location of the Glenwood Middle School.
• The three-story JV Hinchman Building at Sharp and Walnut Streets was completed in 1882 by Hoosier druggist turned financier Joseph Hinchman.
• The 1920 Glenwood State Bank building at 12 North Walnut on the Glenwood Courthouse Square was designed by Danish immigrant architect J. Chris Jensen of Council Bluffs and is notable locally for its Greek Revival marble facade. For many years this was the location of Hamilton's Men's Clothes and is now home to Glenwood Land Surveying Services.
• The First Christian Church at 305 First Street was built in 1867 at a cost of $1,800. It has been a private residence for many years.
• 411 Sharp is a unique two story Italianate commercial building on the south side of the Glenwood Courthouse Square that was constructed in 1874 with prominent window hoods and is presently the location of Keg Creek Boot & Saddle.

Sharp Street on the Glenwood Courthouse Square during the 2007 Homecoming parade.

• The Hubbell Home at 202 Locust was built in the early 20th century and remains interesting for its Queen Anne Style, prominent dormer windows, and adjacent stable long since converted into a garage.
• The Robinson Block at 102 South Walnut on the Glenwood Courthouse Square was constructed during the early 20th century and features a variety of 19th century architectural elements, including a second-story bay window.
• The Buffington Block at 420 1st Street was built on the north side of the Glenwood Courthouse Square during the 1890s with one of the town's most distinguished cornices and seven second-story Italianate arched windows. A Ben Franklin Stores operated here during the latter half of the 20th century.
• The Wheeler's Super Service Station at 102 South Vine on the Glenwood Courthouse Square was constructed during the early 1920s to serve traffic along the Bluegrass Highway which became U.S. Route 34. The one-story brick building is unusual locally for its early Moderne architecture.
• The Glenwood Opera House Block at 412-416 First Street was built in 1891 on the Glenwood Courthouse Square with a variety of Richardsonian Romanesque elements. It first began showing motion pictures in 1908, became the Rex Theater by the 1920s, and, after many ownership changes, continues to show movies to the present day although live performances ended in the mid-20th century.
• The Mintle Company Building is a one-story late Moderne structure at 209 Sharp that was built in 1947 along what was then U.S. Route 34. Mintle was a dealer in J.I. Case farm equipment, Pontiac automobiles, and offered a full line of Frigidaire products. The building is now used as the Glenwood Police Department.
• Lilac Terrace were the neighborhoods that developed after the "West Hill" school was completed in 1868. By the early 20th century the area west of Sharp and Hazel Streets was one of the community's more prestigious addresses and still contains some notable architectural styles, including the L.W. Russell home, the H.M. Bogan and James Miller homes, and particularly the Queen Anne Style William Lamb mansion on the northwest corner of Hazel and Sharp Streets which has been divided into apartments. Also of interest are the Morris Kaiman home at 102 South Hazel, the Robinson home at 105 North Hazel, and the Addison Meyers home at 404 North Hazel. The WPA financed Glenwood High School replaced the West Hill School in 1937, became Glenwood Junior High from 1966–1987, and is now part of West Elementary.
• Glenwood Golf Course was opened in 1964 to be the cities first and only golf course. It was designed by Tom Davis. In 1974, ten years after its opening, a man died on the course. He fell into the creek looking for the ball near hole five. It is rumored that he haunts the hole and players are discouraged from looking for balls in the creek.
• Seminary Hill immediately north of the Glenwood Courthouse Square developed after the late 1860s when the private Western Iowa College opened on the city block west of Chestnut between First and Second Streets. This became the Glenwood Methodist Seminary in the 1870s and the location of the East School until the 1970s. The surrounding neighborhood still contains a majority of the town's dominant Protestant churches, including the Glenwood First Congregational Church at 407 Second Street established by abolitionist John Todd in 1857. Nearby are the 1884 Saint John's Episcopal Church at 111 North Vine, the 1911 Glenwood Baptist Church at 212 North Vine, the 1892 Glenwood First Christian at 202 North Vine, the 1905 Grace United Methodist at 112 North Walnut, the 1899 Seventh-day Adventist Church at 205 Third Street, and the 1949 Trinity Missouri Synod Lutheran Church at 512 Second Street. Also of interest is the Glenwood Public Library at 109 North Vine, a Carnegie library constructed in 1906 and expanded in 1982. The neighborhood formerly had several outstanding architectural examples, including the Dr. Donelan home and the 1870s two-story brick Italianate William Anderson mansion at North Walnut and Second Street that was razed in 2006. Another example of an 1870s brick Italianate residence in the 100 block of North Vine is presently divided into apartments.

References

Further reading

• History of Mills County. State Historical Company, 1881.
• History of Mills County. Mills County History Book Committee, 1985.
• Roenfeld, Ryan. Mills County. Arcadia, 2010.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glenwood, Iowa.

• The Great IQ Wars
• Mayo Buckner's death notice
• Iowa House of Representatives resolution apologizing for sterilization at Glenwood
• City-Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Glenwood
• City of Gleenwood, Iowa
• Glenwood Iowa Area Chamber of Commerce

v t e Municipalities and communities of Mills County, Iowa, United States County seat: Glenwood Cities Emerson Glenwood Hastings Henderson Malvern Pacific Junction Silver City Tabor‡ CDP Mineola Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

v t e Metropolitan area of Omaha–Council Bluffs Primary Cities Nebraska Omaha Iowa Council Bluffs Cities over 10,000 (per 2010 Census) Nebraska Bellevue La Vista Papillion Cities of 5,000 to 10,000 (per 2010 Census) Nebraska Blair Gretna Plattsmouth Ralston Iowa Glenwood Cities of 1,000 to 5,000 (per 2010 Census) Nebraska Arlington Ashland Eagle Louisville Springfield Valley Wahoo Weeping Water Yutan Iowa Avoca Carter Lake Dunlap Logan Malvern Missouri Valley Oakland Woodbine Census-designated places Nebraska Chalco Offutt AFB Cities and villages of fewer than 1,000 (per 2010 Census) Nebraska Alvo Avoca Bennington Boys Town Cedar Bluffs Cedar Creek Ceresco Colon Elmwood Fort Calhoun Greenwood Herman Ithaca Kennard Leshara Malmo Manley Mead Memphis Morse Bluff Murdock Murray Nehawka Prague South Bend Union Valparaiso Washington Waterloo Weston Iowa Carson Crescent Emerson Hancock Hastings Henderson Little Sioux Macedonia Magnolia McClelland Minden Mineola Modale Mondamin Neola Pacific Junction Persia Pisgah Shelby Silver City Treynor Underwood Walnut Counties Nebraska Cass Douglas Sarpy Saunders Washington Iowa Harrison Mills Pottawattamie