Glassonby
| Glassonby | |
 Glassonby |
|
  Glassonby Glassonby shown within Cumbria | |
| Population | 314 (2001) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | NY5738 |
| Civil parish | Glassonby |
| District | Eden |
| Shire county | Cumbria |
| Region | North West |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | PENRITH |
| Postcode district | CA10 |
| Dialling code | 01768 |
| Police | Cumbria |
| Fire | Cumbria |
| Ambulance | North West |
| EU Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Penrith and the Border |
Glassonby is a small village and civil parish in the Eden Valley of Cumbria, England, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south south east of Kirkoswald.
There is a methodist church and a microlight flying centre in the village.
The Anglican church of St Michael, just to the south of the village, is not the parish church of Glassonby but of Addingham. The village of Addingham lay near the River Eden but was lost centuries ago when the river changed its course. The church was rebuilt using some stones from the original and the name kept for the parish. Addingham parish was divided into a number of civil parishes in 1866.
Just to the north of the village, at White House Farm, is a well-preserved late sixteenth century bastle house.
The ashes of Rev G. Bramwell Evens, who was a popular broadcaster of the 1930s, were scattered at Old Parks Farm. He was a regular visitor to Glassonby in the 1920s and 30s. He is commemorated by a memorial at Old Parks which reads 'Sacred to the memory of Rev G. Bramwell Evens, "Romany of the BBC", whose ashes are scattered here. Born 1884. Died Nov 1943. He loved birds and trees and flowers and the wind on the heath'.[1]
Private Robert Beatham VC, an Australian soldier and posthumous Victoria Cross recipient, was born in Glassonby. He emigrated to Australia as a teenager, prior to the outbreak of the First World War and was killed in action on 9 August 1918.[2]
Etymology
'Glassonby' means 'Glassan's bȳ'[3] 'Bȳ' is late Old English, from Old Norse 'býr', meaning 'hamlet' or 'village'. 'Glassan' is an Irish personal name. Glassonby is also called 'Grayson Lands', meaning 'grey horses', which may refer to the stone circle ('Grey stone lands') mentioned below. .[4]
History
Glassonby stone circle
The Glassonby stone circle (actually a kerbed cairn) [5][6] is at OS reference NY57293934 on private land. An oval cairn is surrounded by a ring of kerb stones (30 stones in all, although some have been taken away and others added from field clearance over the years). Two of the stones had markings in the form of concentric rings or spirals and semi-ovoids.[7] The stones were not set in sockets, but were supported by the cairn material. A cist was found inside the circle,which had been robbed, as well a transparent blue glass, probably a later votive offering. Outside the circle, burnt bones and an inverted collared urn were found. The bones were the remains of a man; a second cremation, without an urn, was possibly that of a woman. There are ditch marks that suggest there was a ring ditch, the terminus of a cursus. This, and the markings suggest a link to the Long Meg complex to the south-west, and to the Old Parks circle to the north-east.
Old Parks cairn
This cairn, no longer extant, was at OS NY56993988, just north of the Glassonby circle. It was recorded as being 1.2m high and oval in shape, with a line of five decorated stones below the cairn oriented north-south. To the west of the stones were 32 deposits of burnt bones, with accompanying beaker ware cups, fragments of urns and 12 shale beads. Other pits were found to the east. A granite monolith, 1.4m high also stood to the west of the monument. Two of the decorated stones, along with incense cups and flint instruments found at the site, are on display at Tullie House Museum, Carlisle.[8][9]
Glassonby Civil Parish
The civil parish of Glassonby stretches from the banks of the River Eden to the summits of the North Pennines, where it borders Alston Moor. In addition to Glassonby itself it includes the village of Gamblesby, a separate civil parish until 1934, and the hamlets of Glassonbybeck, Maughanby and Unthank.
References
- ↑ Romany Society
- ↑ "Private Robert Matthew Beatham VC". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ Armstrong, A. M.; Mawer, A.; Stenton, F. M.; Dickens, B. (1950). The place-names of Cumberland. English Place-Name Society, vol.xx. Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 194.
- ↑ Beckensall, Stan (2002). Prehistoric rock art in Cumbria: landscapes and monuments. Stroud: Tempus. pp. p160, p.84. ISBN 9780752425269.
- ↑ Beckensall, 2002, pp.84-90
- ↑ Clare, Tom (2007). Prehistoric monuments of the Lake District. Stroud: Tempus. pp. 159 pp.50–51. ISBN 9780752441054.
- ↑ Beckensall, 2002, p.85
- ↑ Clare, 2007, p.51-53
- ↑ Beckensall, 2002, p.90-98
External links
Media related to Glassonby at Wikimedia Commons- Cumbria County History Trust: Glassonby (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)