Glass bottle

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This article is about the type of container. For the musical group, see Glass Bottle (band).

Various vintage Coca Cola bottles.

A glass bottle is a bottle created from glass. Glass bottles can vary in size considerably, but are most commonly found in sizes ranging between about 10ml and 5 litres.

History

The history of glass can be traced back to at least 1,200 BC where glass coated objects have been found.^[1]

Manufacture and reuse

Millions of glass bottles are created worldwide every day. It is a highly mechanized process, and bottles in use today are no longer hand blown as they were in the past.^{[citation needed]}

A glass bottle is 100% recyclable with many new bottles containing glass which was created over 20 years ago. Less energy is used in recycling a glass bottle than creating the glass from raw materials, helping the environment.^[2] In 2012, 96% of the glass bottles sold in Switzerland were recycled.^[3]

Glass bottle manufacturing takes place over several stages. To briefly outline the processes from beginning to end: raw material, melting, forming, annealing, physical inspection, machine & laser inspection, secondary physical inspection, quality control, and finally packing.^[4]

Glass bottles are sometimes reinforced through lamination. Laminated safety glass is made by coating a glass surface with a layer of plastic. When a standard glass bottle is dropped, the glass breaks and scatters. When a laminated bottle is dropped, the glass still breaks but the layer of plastic remains intact, keeping the glass pieces together.^[1]

Once made, bottles may suffer from internal stresses as a result of unequal, or too rapid cooling. An annealing oven, or 'lehr' is used to cool glass containers slowly to prevent stress and make the bottle stronger.^[5] When a glass bottle filled with liquid is dropped or subjected to shock, the water hammer effect may cause hydrodynamic stress, breaking the bottle.^[6]^[7]

Notes

↑ 1.0 1.1 "Glass Information". Retrieved 2008-10-02.
↑ "Glass Facts".
↑ http://www.bafu.admin.ch/dokumentation/medieninformation/00962/index.html?lang=fr&msg-id=50084 (page visited on 4 November 2013).
↑ "Glass Manufacturing". Retrieved 2008-11-26.
↑ "How Glass Bottles are Made". Retrieved 2010-03-09.
↑ Saitoh, S (1999). "Water hammer breakage of a glass container". International glass journal (Faenza Editrice,). ISSN 1123-5063.
↑ Brandt RC; Tressler RE (1994). Fractography of Glass. Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-44880-7. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

Bibliography

Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, ISBN 1-930268-25-4
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6

External links

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Materials and components	Adhesive Aluminium foil BoPET Bubble wrap Cellophane Closure Coated paper Corrugated fiberboard Corrugated plastic Cushioning Desiccant Foam peanut Glass Hot-melt adhesive Label Linear low-density polyethylene Liquid packaging board Low-density polyethylene Metallised film Modified atmosphere Molded pulp Nonwoven fabric Overwrap Oxygen scavenger Packaging gas Pallet Paper Paper pallet Paperboard Plastic film Plastic pallet Plastic wrap Polyester Polyethylene Polypropylene Pressure-sensitive tape Screw cap Screw cap (wine) Security printing Security seal Shock and vibration data logger Shrink wrap Slip sheet Strapping Stretch wrap Susceptor Temperature data logger Time temperature indicator Tinplate Velostat

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Environment, post-use	Biodegradation Environmental engineering Glass recycling Industrial ecology Life-cycle assessment Litter Paper recycling Plastic recycling Recycling Reuse Source reduction Sustainable packaging Waste management

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