Glacial Lake Iroquois
Glacial Lake Iroquois was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed at the end of the last ice age approximately 13,000 years ago.[1] The lake was essentially an enlargement of the present Lake Ontario that formed because the St. Lawrence River downstream from the lake was blocked by the ice sheet near the present Thousand Islands. The level of the lake was approximately 30 m (~100 ft) above the present level of Lake Ontario.[2]
The lake drained to the southeast, through a channel passing near present day Rome, New York. The Rome Sand Plains has several sand ridges that geologists think were formed at this time. The channel then followed the valley of the Mohawk River to the Hudson River.[2]
The lake was fed by Early Lake Erie, as well as Glacial Lake Algonquin, an early partial manifestation of Lake Huron, that drained directly to Lake Iroquois across southern Ontario, along the southern edge of the ice sheet, bypassing Early Lake Erie.
The subsequent melting of the ice dam resulted in a sudden lowering of the lake to its present level, a potential trigger for the Younger Dryas episode.[3]
Remnant shorelines
Two ancient shorelines in the Toronto area mark the existence of former glacial lakes. About 2 km inland from the shore a ridge known as the Iroquois Shoreline can be discerned. The old shoreline runs west-east running roughly parallel to Davenport Road just south of St. Clair Avenue West. Further east, the Scarborough Bluffs also formed part of the shoreline of the ancient lake.[4]
Another ancient shoreline exists between 2–4 km offshore of Toronto. It is known as the Toronto Scarp and formed the shore of Glacial Lake Warren or Admiralty Lake. From Bluffer's Park in Scarborough to just west of Hanlan's Point is an underwater bluff.[5]
In New York, Ridge Road and New York State Route 104 run from west to east along a ridge of the old shoreline of Lake Iroquois.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ Richard Foster Flint (2008-11). Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. ISBN 978-1-4437-2173-8. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Larson, Grahame; Schaetzl, Randall (2001). "Review: Origin and Evolution of the Great Lakes". J. Great Lakes Res. 27 (4): 518–546. The work of Anderson and Lewis (1985) is the basis for these authors' views on the history of the postglacial water levels.
- ↑ Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Neal W. Driscoll, Elazar Uchupi, Lloyd D. Keigwin, William C. Schwab, E. Robert Thieler and Stephen A. Swift (February 2005). "Catastrophic meltwater discharge down the Hudson Valley: A potential trigger for the Intra-Allerød cold period". Geology 33 (2): 89–92. doi:10.1130/G21043.1.
- ↑ Eyles, N. Ontario Rocks: Three Billion Years of Environmental Change. Fitzhenry & Whiteside, Markham, Ontario. 339 p. Chapter 17.
- ↑ "Nearshore Geology". City of Toronto TRC. undated. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ Tesmer, Irving H.; Bastedo, Jered C. (1981). Colossal cataract: the geologic history of Niagara Falls. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-87395-522-5. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
External links
- History of Lake Iroquois
- Lake Iroquois and its shore cliff, showing map of the lake
- Deglaciation of the Central St. Lawrence Lowland
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