Giuseppe Garibaldi II

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Giuseppe Garibaldi II in Mexico, 1911.

Brigadier-General Giuseppe Garibaldi II (July 29, 1879 - May 19, 1950) was an Italian soldier, patriot and revolutionary, grandson of Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Garibaldi was born in Melbourne, Australia, the son of Ricciotti Garibaldi and Harriet Constance Hopcraft.[1]

Together with his father, he took part in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 alongside the Greeks and afterwards fought with the liberals against Cipriano Castro in Venezuela, and in other conflicts in South America. He volunteered and served with great distinction with the British Army in the Boer War, carrying with him a sword given to his grandfather by the working men of Tyneside, England, in 1854.[2]

He served as a lieutenant colonel (teniente coronel) in the army of Francisco Madero during the initial victories of the 1910 Mexican Revolution. Plaza Garibaldi in Mexico City was named in honor of his actions in the battle of Nuevo Casas Grandes.[3] Lt Col Garibaldi was sacked by Pancho Villa because of a bitter controversy over the credit for the victory at first battle of Ciudad Juárez in 1911, but the name of the plaza (formerly Pila de la Habana) stuck nonetheless despite the way he left the Army of the Revolution.

Garibaldi again served with the Greek Army during the First Balkan War in 1912.

At the outbreak of World War I, Garibaldi joined the French army at the head of the 4e régiment de marche du 1er étranger[4] and later fought on the Italian front. He was promoted to brigadier-general in June, 1918, retiring from the military one year later.

In the 1920s, Garibaldi opposed the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and eventually left Italy for the United States, where he married Madalyn Nichols Taylor. In 1940, he returned to Italy, where in 1943 he was arrested and imprisoned by Nazi authorities. After the war he retired to private life.

He died in Rome in 1950, at age 71.

References

  1. ↑ Heyriès, Hubert (2005). Les Garibaldiens de 14 : splendeurs et misères des Chemises rouges en France de la Grande Guerre à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Nice: Serre Éd. p. 32. ISBN 2864104385. 
  2. ↑ Ships, Strikes and Keelmen: Glimpses of North-Eastern Social History - David Bell, 2001 ISBN 1-901237-26-5
  3. ↑ History of salón Tenampa (es) (en)
  4. ↑ Heyriès, Hubert (2005). Les Garibaldiens de 14 : splendeurs et misères des Chemises rouges en France de la Grande Guerre à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Nice: Serre Éd. p. 63. ISBN 2864104385. 

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