Giralda

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For other uses, see La Giralda (disambiguation).
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Cathedral, Alcázar and General Archive of the Indies in Seville
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List

La Giralda
Type Cultural
Criteria i, ii, iii, vi
Reference 383
UNESCO region Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription 1987 (11th Session)

The Giralda (Spanish: La Giralda ; Arabic: الخيرالدة‎) is a former minaret that was converted to a bell tower for the Cathedral of Seville in Seville,[1] which was registered in 1987 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO along with the Alcazar and the General Archive of the Indies. The tower is 104.1 m in height and it was one of the most important symbols in the medieval city.

The tower was begun under the architect Ahmad Ben Baso in 1184. After Ben Baso's death, other architects continued work on the tower. The mathematician and astronomer Jabir ibn Aflah (or Geber) is also often credited with the tower's design. The tower was completed March 10, 1198 with the installation of copper spheres on the tower's top. The Almohads built similar towers in what are now Spain and Morocco during this period. The tower of the Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh served as a model for the Giralda and its sister, the Hassan Tower in Rabat.

View of Giralda from cathedral.

The tower's first two-thirds is a former minaret from the Almohad period of Seville, the upper third Spanish Renaissance architecture. After Seville was taken by the Christians (1248) in the Reconquista, the city's mosque was converted into a church. This structure was badly damaged in a 1356 earthquake, and by 1401 the city began building the current cathedral, one of the largest churches in the world and an outstanding example of the Gothic and Baroque architectural styles. The tower survived the earthquake, but the copper spheres that originally topped the tower fell during a 1365 earthquake, and the spheres were replaced with a cross and bell. The new cathedral incorporated the tower as a bell tower and eventually built it higher during the Renaissance under architect Hernán Ruiz the Younger, who was commissioned to work on the tower in 1568. This newer section of the tower contains a large inscription of Seville's motto, NO8DO, meaning "[Seville] has not abandoned me." Alfonso X of Castile gave the motto to the city when it continued to support his rule during an insurrection. Covering the top of the tower is the "Lily section" which surrounds the enclosure with the bell. The statue stands 4 m (13 feet) in height – 7 m (23 ft) with the pedestal – and sit on top of the tower from its installation in 1568.

Buildings inspired by the Giralda

Replica of the Giralda, in Kansas City, Missouri, twinned with Seville.

Many towers have borrowed from the Giralda's design throughout history. Several church towers in the province of Seville also bear a resemblance to the tower, and may have been inspired by the Giralda. These towers, most notably those in Lebrija and Carmona, are popularly known as Giraldillas.

Numerous replicas of the Giralda have been built in the United States, mostly between 1890 and 1930:

It also featured in the 2013 video game SimCity as a landmark.

The building has also inspired buildings outside the US and Spain, such as the clock tower at the University of Puerto Rico's Río Piedras campus.

References

  1. ↑ Seville. 

  • Giralda by night

  • The statue of the Giraldillo

  • The Giralda at its various stages of construction: Almohad (left), Medieval Christian (right), and Renaissance (center)

  • Fountain in front of the Giralda

  • Giralda as seen from Patio de Banderas

External links

Coordinates: 37°23′10.3″N 5°59′32.7″W / 37.386194°N 5.992417°W / 37.386194; -5.992417

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