Gien
| Gien | |
|---|---|
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  Gien | |
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Location within Centre region  Gien | |
| Coordinates: 47°41′23″N 2°37′48″E / 47.6897°N 2.630000°ECoordinates: 47°41′23″N 2°37′48″E / 47.6897°N 2.630000°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre |
| Department | Loiret |
| Arrondissement | Montargis |
| Canton | Gien |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2001–2008) | Jean-Pierre Hurtiger |
| Area | |
| • Land1 | 67.86 km2 (26.20 sq mi) |
| Population (1999) | |
| • Population2 | 15,332 |
| • Population2 Density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 45155 / 45500 |
| Elevation |
117–190 m (384–623 ft) (avg. 161 m or 528 ft) |
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1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
Gien is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Gien is on the Loire River, 80 km (50 mi) from Orléans. The town was bought for the royal property by Philip II of France. The town is twinned with Malmesbury in England.
History
Prehistory
Evidence of prehistoric occupation of Gien has been discovered. Gien was probably a centre of trade between farmers and blacksmiths.
Antiquity
In Roman times, there was a town located in the site of Gien. However, its name remains unknown.
Middle Ages
The town of Gien-le-Vieux (Old Gien) became a parish in the high Middle Ages when Saint Peregrine, bishop of Auxerre, founded the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul. In 760, the army of Pepin the short stopped at Gien-le-Vieux before going to fight against Gascony and Aquitaine. In the eighth century, Charlemagne authorised the construction of a fortified mound around the site of the present castle.
In the ninth and tenth centuries the decline of the Carolingian empire and Viking Raids led to a gradual abandonment of Gien-le-Vieux. The population mostly moved to the site of the current town of Gien which was easier to defend. However, the church of St. Peter and St. Paul survived until the seventeenth century.
The French Wars of Religion
Gien had a large Protestant community and like its neighbours, Châtillon-Coligny, Châtillon-sur-Loire and Orleans, it was a Protestant stronghold during the French wars of religion. During this period, the churches were looted and clergy hunted.
Second World War
Much of Gien was destroyed during the Second World War. The town was bombed by the Luftwaffe, who aimed to destroy the town's bridge to prevent the French Army from retreating. The bombardment created a huge fire which completely destroyed over four hundred buildings, including the town's two main churches. The town was rebuilt after the war.
Sights
- Gien Dinnerware Factory : Faience de Gien. The factory was founded in 1821 by Thomas Hall, an Englishman who wanted to introduce fine English earthenware manufacturing techniques in France.[1]
- Anne de Beaujeu's castle
See also
References
External links
- Official Web site (French)
- Gien Factory, (English)
- Video about the Gien Factory (English)
- INSEE commune file
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gien. |
