Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud

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Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud
Sultan of the Ghurid Empire
Reign	1206–1212
Birthplace	Ghor
Died	1212
Predecessor	Mu'izz al-Din
Successor	Baha al-Din Sam III
Royal House	Ghurid
Father	Ghiyas ad-Din Ghori
Religious beliefs	Sunni Islam

Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud (Persian: غیاث الدین محمود‎), was Sultan of the Ghurid Empire from 1206 to 1212. He was the nephew and successor of Mu'izz al-Din.

Rise to power

Ghiyath was the son of Ghiyas ad-Din Ghori, who was the brother of Mu'izz al-Din. When Mu'izz al-Din was assassinated in 1206 in India, the Ghurid Empire fell into civil war; the Turkish ghulams supported Ghiyath, while the native Iranian tribes supported Baha al-Din II. Baha al-Din, however, died after a few days later, which made the Iranian tribes support his two sons Jalal al-Din Ali and Ala al-Din Muhammad. Meanwhile Firuzkuh was controlled by the Karamiyya Diya al-Din Muhammad. Ghiyath, however, managed to defeat them all and crown himself as Sultan of the Ghurid Empire.^[1]

Reign

Meanwhile, the Turkic general Tajuddin Yildoz seized Ghazni from the Ghurid rulers of Bamiyan, but shortly recognized the authority of Ghiyath. Ghiyath, not glad about Tajuddin controlling Ghazni, and not daring to leave Ghur unprotected, requested help from the Khwarazmian Muhammad II of Khwarezm. Muhammad, however, instead invaded the domains of Ghiyath, capturing Balkh and Tirmidh.^[2] Luckily for Ghiyath, Muhammad was captured by the Kara-Khitan Khanate. Thirteen months later, Muhammad was freed from captivity, and once again invaded the domains of Ghiyath, and captured Herat. Muhammad then invaded the Ghurid heartland of Ghur, and captured Ghiyath. Ghiyath then agreed to recognize Muhammad's authority, and remained ruler of the Ghurid dynasty until he was assassinated in 1212. He was succeeded by his son Baha al-Din Sam III.

References

↑ The Iranian World, C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 5, ed. J. A. Boyle, John Andrew Boyle, (Cambridge University Press, 1968), 161-170.
↑ Michel Biran, The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 70.

Sources

C. Edmund, Bosworth (2001). "GHURIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
Frye, R.N. (1975). "The Ghaznavids and Ghūrids". In Frye, R.N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Iranian world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–165. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.

Preceded by Mu'izz al-Din	Sultan of the Ghurid dynasty 1206–1212	Succeeded by Baha al-Din Sam III

v t e Ghurid dynasty

Ghur Branch (1011–1215)	Muhammad ibn Suri Abu Ali ibn Muhammad Abbas ibn Shith Muhammad ibn Abbas Qutb al-din Hasan Izz al-Din Husayn Sayf al-Din Suri Baha al-Din Sam I Ala al-Din Husayn Sayf al-Din Muhammad Ghiyas ad-Din Ghori Mu'izz al-Din Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud Baha al-Din Sam III Ala al-Din Atsiz Ala al-Din Ali

Bamiyan Branch (1152–1215)	Fakhr al-Din Masud Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Fakhr Baha al-Din Sam II Jalal al-Din Ali

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