Germanium dichloride

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Germanium dichloride
Preferred IUPAC name

Germanium dichloride

Systematic name

Dichlorogermanylidene

Other names

Dichlorogermylene
Germanium(II) chloride
Germanous chloride

Identifiers
CAS number 10060-11-4
PubChem 6327122 YesY
ChemSpider 4885679 YesY
EC number 233-192-1
Jmol-3D images {{#if:Cl[Ge]Cl|Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula GeCl2
Molar mass 143.546 g/mol
Appearance white-pale yellow solid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Germanium dichloride is a chemical compound of germanium and chlorine with the formula GeCl2. It is a solid and contains germanium in the +2 oxidation state.

Preparation

Solid GeCl2 can be produced by passing germanium tetrachloride, GeCl4, over Ge metal at 650°C.[1]

GeCl4 + Ge → 2GeCl2

It is also formed from the decomposition of chlorogermane, GeH3Cl, at 70°C.[1]

2 GeH3Cl → GeCl2 + GeH4 + H2

Reactions

GeCl2 is hydrolysed to give yellow germanium(II) hydroxide, which on warming gives brown germanium monoxide:[1]

GeCl2 + 2H2O → Ge(OH)2 + 2HCl
Ge(OH)2 → GeO + H2O

Solutions of GeCl2 in HCl are strongly reducing.[2] With chloride ion, ionic compounds containg the pyramidal GeCl3− ion have been characterised, for example [3] With rubidium and caesium chloride compounds, e.g.RbGeCl3 are produced; these have distorted perovskite structures. [1]

Molecular GeCl2, dichlorogermylene

Molecular GeCl2 is often called dichlorogermylene, highlighting its resemblance to a carbene. The structure of gas-phase molecular GeCl2 shows that it is a bent molecule, as predicted by VSEPR theory.[4] The dioxane complex, GeCl2.dioxane, has been used as a source of molecular GeCl2 for reaction syntheses, as has the in situ reaction of GeCl4 and Ge metal. GeCl2 is quite reactive and inserts into many different types of chemical bonds.[5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419. 
  2. ↑ Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier ISBN 0-12-352651-5
  3. ↑ Kociok-Köhn, G.; Winter, J. G.; Filippou, A. C. (1999). "Trimethylphosphonium trichlorogermanate(II)". Acta Cryst. C55 (3): 351–353. doi:10.1107/S010827019801169X. 
  4. ↑ Tsuchiya, Masaki J.; Honjou, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Keiichi; Tanaka, Takehiko; (1995). "Millimeter-wave spectrum of germanium dichloride GeCl2. Equilibrium structure and anharmonic force field". Journal of Molecular Structure. 352–353: 407–415. doi:10.1016/0022-2860(95)08830-O. 
  5. ↑ Egorov, M.P.; Gaspar, P. (1994). "Germanium: Organometallic chemistry". Encyclopedia of Inorganic chemistry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-93620-0. 
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