Geonoma

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Geonoma
Young Red Crownshaft Palm (G. undata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Geonomeae
Genus: Geonoma
Willd.
Species

64, see text

Synonyms

Gynestum Poit.
Kalbreyera Burret
Roebelia Engel
Taenianthera Burret
Vouay Aubl.

Geonoma is a genus of small to medium-sized palms native to the forest understorey of tropical Central and South America.

This palm genus is one of the largest in the Neotropics.[1] Its 64 species are distributed from Mexico and Haiti in the north to Paraguay in the south; two are found in the insular Caribbean.[2]

The genus is a member of the palm tribe Geonomeae (Arecaceae: Arecoideae), an important Neotropical group due to its wide distribution across Central and South America, its diversity and abundance, and the use of a number of species by local human populations.[3] The distribution of the tribe Geonomeae stretches from southeast Mexico down through Central America and into South America, notably Brazil and Bolivia, and species are also found in the Greater and Lesser Antilles.[4] This tribe consists of a group of understory and sub-canopy palms that populate both tropical lowland and montane forests. While members of this group are relatively easy to collect, as they are not canopy palms or spiny palms, and are well represented in herbaria, the taxonomy and phylogeny of the species within the tribe are still uncertain.[5][6] The resolution of the tribe has been disputed despite the fact that Geonomeae species are characterized by three morphological synapomorphies: the petals of pistillate flowers are basally connate, the presence of slender and elongate styles, and the flowers are borne in pits in the rachillae.[7]

Species[8]
  • Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Mart.
  • Geonoma monospatha de Nevers
  • Geonoma mooreana de Nevers & Grayum
  • Geonoma myriantha Dammer
  • Geonoma oldemanii Granv.
  • Geonoma oligoclona Trail
  • Geonoma orbignyana Mart. in A.D.d'Orbigny
  • Geonoma paradoxa Burret
  • Geonoma paraguanensis H.Karst.
  • Geonoma pauciflora Mart.
  • Geonoma poeppigiana Mart. in A.D.d'Orbigny
  • Geonoma pohliana Mart.
  • Geonoma polyandra Skov
  • Geonoma polyneura Burret
  • Geonoma rubescens H.Wendl. ex Drude
  • Geonoma santanderensis Galeano & R.Bernal
  • Geonoma schottiana Mart.
  • Geonoma scoparia Grayum & Nevers
  • Geonoma seleri Burret
  • Geonoma simplicifrons Willd.
  • Geonoma spinescens H.Wendl.
  • Geonoma stricta (Poit.) Kunth
  • Geonoma supracostata Svenning
  • Geonoma talamancana Grayum
  • Geonoma tenuissima H.E.Moore
  • Geonoma triandra (Burret) Wess.Boer
  • Geonoma triglochin Burret
  • Geonoma trigona (Ruiz & Pav.) A.H.Gentry
  • Geonoma umbraculiformis Wess.Boer
  • Geonoma undata Klotzsch – Red Crownshaft Palm
  • Geonoma weberbaueri Dammer ex Burret
  • Geonoma wilsonii Galeano & R.Bernal

Species formerly placed in this genus include Calyptronoma occidentalis (= Geonoma swartzii) and Calyptronoma plumeriana (= Geonoma dulcis, G. intermedia, G. plumeriana).

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Henderson et al. (1995)
  2. ↑ Morici (2004)
  3. ↑ Roncal, J. Francisco-Ortega, C.B. Asmussen, and C.E. Lewis (2005). 'Molecular phylogenetics of the tribe Geonomeae (Arecaceae) using nuclear DNA sequences of Phosphoribulokinase and RNA Polymerase II'. (Systematic Botany 30(2): 275–283).
  4. ↑ Wessels Boer (1968) as cited by Roncal, J. Francisco-Ortega, C.B. Asmussen, and C.E. Lewis (2005). 'Molecular phylogenetics of the tribe Geonomeae (Arecaceae) using nuclear DNA sequences of Phosphoribulokinase and RNA Polymerase II'. (Systematic Botany 30(2): 275–283)
  5. ↑ Roncal, J. Francisco-Ortega, C.B. Asmussen, and C.E. Lewis (2005). 'Molecular phylogenetics of the tribe Geonomeae (Arecaceae) using nuclear DNA sequences of Phosphoribulokinase and RNA Polymerase II'. (Systematic Botany 30(2): 275–283)
  6. ↑ Asmussen, C.B. and Chase, M.W. (2001) 'Coding and noncoding plastid DNA in palm systematics' (American Journal of Botany 88: 1103–1117)
  7. ↑ Uhl and Dransfield 1987 as cited by Roncal, J. Francisco-Ortega, C.B. Asmussen, and C.E. Lewis (2005). 'Molecular phylogenetics of the tribe Geonomeae (Arecaceae) using nuclear DNA sequences of Phosphoribulokinase and RNA Polymerase II'. (Systematic Botany 30(2): 275–283)
  8. ↑ Govaerts et al. (2008)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geonoma.
  • Govaerts, R.; Dransfield, J.; Zona, S.F; Hodel, D.R. & Henderson, Andrew (2008): Geonoma. In: World Checklist of Arecaceae. Retrieved 2008-APR-01.
  • Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria & Bernal, Rodrigo (1995): Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. ISBN 0-691-08537-4 HTML preview at Google Books
  • Morici, Carlo (2004): Palmeras e Islas: La Insularidad en una de las Familias más Diversas del Reino Vegetal. In: Fernández-Palacios, J.M. & Morici, C.: Ecología Insular/Island Ecology: 81–122. Asociatión Española de Ecología Terestre (AEET)-Cabildo Insular de La Palma [in Spanish]. PDF fulltext
  • Roncal, J. Francisco-Ortega, C.B. Asmussen, and C.E. Lewis (2005). 'Molecular phylogenetics of the tribe Geonomeae (Arecaceae) using nuclear DNA sequences of Phosphoribulokinase and RNA Polymerase II'. Systematic Botany 30(2): 275–283.
  • Asmussen, C.B. and Chase, M.W. (2001) 'Coding and noncoding plastid DNA in palm systematics' (American Journal of Botany 88: 1103–1117.
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