GeoSPARQL
GeoSPARQL is a standard for representation and querying of geospatially linked data for the Semantic Web from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).[1] The definition of a small ontology based on well-understood OGC standards is intended to provide a standardized exchange basis for geospatial RDF data which can support both quantitative and qualitative spatial reasoning and querying with the SPARQL database query language.[2]
Overview
GeoSPARQL provides for:
- a small topological ontology in RDFS/OWL for representation using
- Geography Markup Language (GML) and well-known text (WKT) literals, and
- Simple Features, RCC8, and DE-9IM (a.k.a. Egenhofer) topological relationship vocabularies and ontologies for qualitative reasoning, and
- a SPARQL query interface using
- a set of topological SPARQL extension functions for quantitative reasoning, and
- a set of Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Core inference rules for query transformation and interpretation.
The following example SPARQL query could help model the question:[3]
- "What is within the bounding box defined by 38°54′49″N 77°05′20″W / 38.913574°N 77.089005°W and 38°53′11″N 77°01′48″W / 38.886321°N 77.029953°W?"
PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#> PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/geosparql/function/> SELECT ?what WHERE { ?what geo:hasGeometry ?geometry . FILTER(geof:within(?geometry, "POLYGON(( -77.089005 38.913574, -77.029953 38.913574, -77.029953 38.886321, -77.089005 38.886321, -77.089005 38.913574 ))"^^geo:wktLiteral)) }
Usage
The Ordnance Survey Linked Data Platform uses OWL mappings for GeoSPARQL equivalent properties in its vocabulary.[4][5] The LinkedGeoData data set is a work of the Agile Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web (AKSW) research group at the University of Leipzig, a group mostly known for DBpedia, that uses the GeoSPARQL vocabulary to represent OpenStreetMap data.
RCC8 use in GeoSPARQL
RCC8 has been implemented in GeoSPARQL as described below:
Implementation
Implementations include:
- Parliament
- Strabon
- OpenSahara uSeekM IndexingSail Sesame Sail plugin
Submission
The GeoSPARQL standard was submitted to the OGC by:
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology
- Bentley Systems
- CSIRO
- Defence Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG)
- GeoConnections - Natural Resources Canada
- Interactive Instruments GmbH
- Oracle America
- Ordnance Survey
- Raytheon
- Traverse Technologies
- US Geological Survey (USGS)
Related work
With regards to future work, the GeoSPARQL standard states:
Obvious extensions are to define new conformance classes for other standard serializations of geometry data (e.g. KML, GeoJSON). In addition, significant work remains in developing vocabularies for spatial data, and expanding the GeoSPARQL vocabularies with OWL axioms to aid in logical spatial reasoning would be a valuable contribution. There are also large amounts of existing feature data represented in either a GML file (or similar serialization) or in a datastore supporting the general feature model. It would be beneficial to develop standard processes for converting (or virtually converting and exposing) this data to RDF.
References
- ↑ Battle & Kolas 2012, p. 355.
- ↑ Battle & Kolas 2012, p. 358.
- ↑ Battle & Kolas 2012, p. 363.
- ↑ Goodwin, John (26 April 2013). "GeoSPARQL and Ordnance Survey Linked Data". John’s Weblog.
- ↑ Gemma (3 June 2013). "New Linked Data service launches". Ordnance Survey Blog.
- Battle, Robert; Kolas, Dave (2012). "Enabling the Geospatial Semantic Web with Parliament and GeoSPARQL". Semantic Web (IOS Press) 3 (4): 355–370. doi:10.3233/SW-2012-0065. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- Kyzirakos, Kostis; Karpathiotakis, Manos; Koubarakis, Manolis (November 2012). "Strabon: A Semantic Geospatial DBMS". 11th International Semantic Web Conference. Boston, MA, United States. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35176-1_19. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- Usery, E. Lynn; Varanka, Dalia (2012). "Design and Development of Linked Data from The National Map". Semantic Web (IOS Press) 3 (4): 371–384. doi:10.3233/SW-2011-0054. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- United States Geological Survey (30 May 2012). "Introduction to geospatial semantics and technology workshop handbook: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1109". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
- Goad, Chris (September 2004). "RDF versus GML". Retrieved 4 December 2012.
External links
- GeoSPARQL – A Geographic Query Language for RDF Data standard from the Open Geospatial Consortium
- Linked Data Platform webapps from the UK Ordnance Survey
- Test webapp for selected data sets from the US National Map
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