Genzyme

Genzyme Corporation

Type	Fully Owned Subsidiary
Industry	Biotechnology
Founded	Boston, Massachusetts (1981)
Headquarters	Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Key people	Chris Viehbacher, Chairman of the Board and C.E.O.[1]
Products	Cerezyme Fabrazyme Synvisc Renagel More Complete Product List
Revenue	US $4.61 billion (2007 calendar)[2]
Operating income	US $581 million (2007 calendar)[2]
Net income	US $421 million (2007 calendar)[2]
Employees	12,000 (2010)
Parent	Sanofi
Website	www.genzyme.com

Genzyme Corporation is an American biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Since its acquisition in 2011 it's been a fully owned subsidiary of Sanofi. In 2010 Genzyme was the world’s third-largest biotechnology company, employing more than 11,000 people around the world. As a subsidiary of Sanofi, Genzyme has a presence in approximately 40 countries, including 17 manufacturing facilities and 9 genetic-testing laboratories, its products are sold in 90 countries. In 2007, Genzyme generated $3.8 billion in revenues with more than 25 products in the market. In 2006 and 2007 Genzyme was named one of Fortune Magazine’s “100 Best Companies to Work for”. The company donated $83 million worth of products worldwide; in 2006, it made $11 million in cash donations. In 2005, Genzyme was awarded the National Medal of Technology, the highest level of honor awarded by the president of the United States to America’s leading innovators.^[3]

History

The company was started by Sheridan Snyder, George M. Whitesides^[4] and scientist Henry Blair in 1981 and is primarily devoted to finding drugs that would cure enzyme deficiency conditions that were essential to human survival and which usually afflict a very small percentage of the world’s population. Drugs used to treat such conditions are considered to be “orphan drugs.” In 1986, the company went public, raising $27 million.

Genzyme acquired several of Impath's laboratories and cancer-testing technologies in May 2004, after Impath sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.^[5]

Operations

Genzyme focuses on six areas of medicine relating to lysosomal storage diseases, renal disease, orthopedics, transplant and immune diseases, oncology, genetics and diagnostics. The first orphan-drug for Genzyme that FDA approved was Ceredase, a drug for treating Gaucher disease. Ceredase was eventually replaced by Cerezyme, which, at a cost of $200,000 per patient annually for life, currently accounts for approximately 30% of Genzyme's revenue. Other important drugs made by Genzyme are Renagel, used in treatment of dialysis patients, and Fabrazyme, used to treat patients with Fabry's disease. Other products in development are Tolevamer for Clostridium difficile colitis and Campath for Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Genzyme had a sub-license from Bioenvision to market clofarabine in North America. On May 29, 2007 Genzyme made a tender offer to purchase Bioenvision for $5.60 per share. On October 27, 2007, a majority of shareholders voted to approve Genzyme's acquisition.^[6] In 2007, CEO, President, and Board Chairman Henri Termeer, earned a salary of $2.5 million, and non-cash compensation worth $129 million.^[7]

In 2010, Genzyme launched a kidney medication for the Irish market from its Waterford base which it had set up nine years previously.^[8]

Genzyme global headquarters in Cambridge, MA

Contamination incidents

In June 2009, Genzyme's Allston, Massachusetts plant was shut down to correct a viral contamination (Vesivirus 2117). A similar event had occurred in 2008 at the Geel, Belgium facilities. By April 2010 it had restarted operation at diminished capacity.^[9]

In November 2009, fragments of stainless steel, rubber, and fiber-like material were discovered in some of Genzyme's drugs. The FDA found these materials in Cerezyme, Genzyme's treatment for Gaucher disease, a rare genetic disorder that can lead to life-threatening organ damage. The FDA is permitting the drug to stay in the market, due to a lack of adverse events, and a critical need for the product.^[10]

Supplies of Fabrazyme, Genzyme's treatment for Fabry disease, have been rationed to one-third the recommended dose prompting patients to file a petition asking for a license to produce Fabrazyme by other manufacturers to make up the deficit under the Bayh–Dole Act.^[11]

Products

Lobbying

Genzyme has spent more than $8.2 million on lobbying from 2007 to 2009. In 2009 alone, it had 10 different organizations with a total of 49 lobbyists working on its behalf.^[12]

Takeover bid

On August 30, 2010, Sanofi announced a bid to acquire Genzyme for $18.5 billion. The deal was later rejected by the board of Genzyme. On February 16, 2011, Sanofi declared the full acquisition of Genzyme for $20.1 billion.^[13]

References

• Schouten, E. "Genzyme’s lifelong commitments". NRC Handelsblad. November 24, 2005.
• http://www.gaucher.org.uk/cercer.htm
• Hirehealth’s website (http://www.hirehealth.com/Public/CompanyDetails.aspx?COMPANY_ID=44719)
• Riskind. P. Multiple Sclerosis—The immune system’s terrible mistake. Fall 1996, Vo. 5, No. 4.
• Hoovers’ website (http://www.hoovers.com/genzyme/--ID__13560--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml)
• Calabro, S. "Genzyme put patients first, and grew to become a multi-billion-dollar company. But empires don't survive on altruism." Pharmaceutical Executive, [March 1, 2006] (http://www.pharmexec.com/pharmexec/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=310976&&pageID=7&searchString=genzyme)

External links

• Genzyme corporate website
• Center for Responsive Politics profile