Garth Brooks discography

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Garth Brooks discography
Releases
Studio albums 9
Live albums 1
Compilation albums 4
Singles 53
Music videos 24
Boxed sets 2
Other charted songs 24

The discography for American country music singer Garth Brooks consists of nine studio albums, one live album and 53 singles. The Recording Industry Association of America has certified Garth Brooks' albums at a total of 128 times Platinum, and he has sold 69,333,000 albums in the US as of December 2013 according to Nielsen SoundScan.[1] Six of his albums have achieved Diamond status in the U.S.; total worldwide sales are estimated at above 200 million.[2] Most of his compact discs were remastered/reissued in 2000 and again in 2007.

Studio albums

1980s

Title Album details Peak chart positions Sales Certifications
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
CAN Country
[5]
CAN
[6]
Garth Brooks
  • Release date: April 12, 1989
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
2 13 22 60
  • WW: 13,000,000

1990s

Title Album details Peak chart positions Sales Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
CAN Country
[5]
CAN
[6]
AUS
[8]
GER
[9]
NOR
[10]
NZ
[11]
UK
[12]
No Fences
  • Release date: August 27, 1990
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 3 2 49 11
Ropin' the Wind
  • Release date: September 10, 1991
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 22 21 14 33 41
The Chase
  • Release date: September 22, 1992
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 6 24 76 45
  • WW: 14,000,000
In Pieces
  • Release date: August 31, 1993
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 3 1 83 18 3 2
  • WW: 15,000,000
Fresh Horses
  • Release date: November 21, 1995
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 2 1 7 5 55 10 22
  • WW: 12,000,000
Sevens
  • Release date: November 25, 1997
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 3 20 41 8 34
  • WW: 19,000,000
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

2000s

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
CAN
[6]
GER
[9]
NOR
[10]
Scarecrow
  • Release date: November 13, 2001
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 4 58 32

Compilation and live albums

1990s

Title Album details Peak chart positions Sales Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
CAN Country
[5]
CAN
[6]
AUS
[8]
GER
[9]
NOR
[10]
NZ
[11]
UK
[12]
The Garth Brooks Collection
  • Release date: September 2, 1994
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
  • WW: 5,000,000
  • US: 3× Platinum[32]
The Hits
  • Release date: December 13, 1994
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 5 2 19 3 15 11
Double Live
  • Release date: November 17, 1998
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 1 43 15 57
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

2000s

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
US
Indie

[38]
CAN
[39]
AUS
[8]
NOR
[10]
UK
[12]
The Lost Sessions
  • Release date: November 25, 2005
  • Label: Pearl Records
  • Formats: CD
  • US: 3× Platinum[40]
The Ultimate Hits
  • Release date: November 6, 2007
  • Label: Pearl Records
  • Formats: CD
1 3 1 1 11 1 10
  • AUS: Platinum[41]
  • NOR: 2× Platinum[36]
  • US: 5× Platinum[42]
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

Holiday albums

Year Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
US Holiday
[43]
CAN Country
[5]
CAN
[6]
Beyond the Season
  • Release date: August 25, 1992
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
2 2 3 20
  • CAN: 2× Platinum[44]
  • US: 3× Platinum[45]
Garth Brooks and the
Magic of Christmas
  • Release date: November 23, 1999
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 7 1
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

Boxed sets

Year Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales threshold)
US Country
[3]
US
[4]
CAN Country
[5]
CAN
[6]
The Limited Series
  • Release date: May 5, 1998
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: CD, cassette
1 1 1 7
  • CAN: 4× Platinum[48]
The Limited Series
  • Release date: November 25, 2005
  • Label: Pearl Records
  • Formats: CD
Blame It All on My Roots:
Five Decades of Influences
  • Release date: November 28, 2013
  • Label: Pearl Records
  • Formats: CD
1 1 20
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

As Chris Gaines

Title Album details Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales threshold)
US
[4]
CAN Country
[49]
CAN
[50]
GER
[9]
NOR
[51]
Greatest Hits
  • Release date: September 28, 1999
  • Label: Capitol Records
  • Formats: CD, cassette
2 2 5 72 13

Singles

1980s and 1990s

Year Single Peak chart positions Album
US Country
[54]
US
[55]
US AC
[56]
CAN Country
[57]
CAN AC
[58]
AUS
[59]
UK
[12]
1989 "Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)" 8 9 Garth Brooks
"If Tomorrow Never Comes" 1 2
1990 "Not Counting You" 2 1
"The Dance" 1 1 36
"Friends in Low Places" 1 1 No Fences
"Unanswered Prayers" 1 1
1991 "Two of a Kind, Workin' on a Full House" 1 1
"The Thunder Rolls" 1 1
"Rodeo" 3 1 Ropin' the Wind
"Shameless" 1 1 23 71
"What She's Doing Now" 1 1
1992 "Papa Loved Mama" 3 2
"The River" 1 1
"We Shall Be Free" 12 12 The Chase
"Somewhere Other Than the Night" 1 1
1993 "Learning to Live Again" 2 5
"That Summer" 1 1
"Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)" 1 1 13[A] In Pieces
"American Honky-Tonk Bar Association" 1 2
"Standing Outside the Fire" 3 3 45 28
1994 "One Night a Day" 7 14 35
"Callin' Baton Rouge" 2 1
1995 "She's Every Woman" 1 1 55 Fresh Horses
"The Fever" 23 2
"The Beaches of Cheyenne" 1 1
1996 "The Change" 19 8
"It's Midnight Cinderella" 5 2
"That Ol' Wind" 4 3
1997 "Longneck Bottle" 1 1 Sevens
1998 "She's Gonna Make It" 2 1
"Two Piña Coladas" 1 1
"To Make You Feel My Love" 1 8 7 22 The Limited Series
"You Move Me" 3 1 Sevens
"It's Your Song" 9 62 5 Double Live
"—" denotes releases that did not chart
* denotes unknown peak positions

2000s

Year Single Peak chart positions Album
US Country
[54]
US
[55]
US AC
[56]
CAN
[60]
2000 "Do What You Gotta Do"[B] 13 69 Sevens
"When You Come Back to Me Again"[C] 21 105 29 Scarecrow
"Wild Horses" 7 50 No Fences
2001 "Wrapped Up in You" 5 46 Scarecrow
2002 "Squeeze Me In" (with Trisha Yearwood) 16 102
"Thicker Than Blood" 18 114
2003 "Why Ain't I Running" 24
2005 "Good Ride Cowboy" 3 59 The Lost Sessions
2006 "Love Will Always Win" (with Trisha Yearwood) 23
"That Girl Is a Cowboy" 34
2007 "More Than a Memory" 1 53 62 The Ultimate Hits
"Workin' for a Livin'" (with Huey Lewis) 19 115
2008 "Midnight Sun" 36
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

2010s

Year Single Peak positions Album
US Country Airplay
2013 "The Call" (with Trisha Yearwood) 49 TBD

Other singles

Singles as Chris Gaines

Year Single Peak chart positions Certifications
(sales threshold)
Album
US Country
[54]
US
[55]
US AC
[56]
CAN Country
[57]
CAN
[61]
CAN AC
[58]
UK
[12]
1999 "Lost in You" 62 5 9 55 46 1 70 Greatest Hits
"It Don't Matter to the Sun" 24 113 23
"Right Now"
"That's the Way I Remember It" 26
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

Featured singles

Year Single Artist Peak chart positions Album
US Country
[63]
US
[63]
US AC
[63]
CAN Country
[57]
1991 "Let's Open Up Our Hearts" Various Non-album song
"Voices That Care" 11 6
"Like We Never Had a Broken Heart" Trisha Yearwood 4 7 Trisha Yearwood
1997 "In Another's Eyes" 2 2 (Songbook) A Collection of Hits
1998 "One Heart at a Time" Various 69 56 Non-album song
"Burnin' the Roadhouse Down" Steve Wariner 26 14 Burnin' the Roadhouse Down
"Where Your Road Leads" Trisha Yearwood 18 18 Where Your Road Leads
2000 "Katie Wants a Fast One" Steve Wariner 22 109 10 Faith in You
2001 "Beer Run (B Double E Double Are You In?)" George Jones 24 118 The Rock: Stone Cold Country 2001
2003 "Night Birds" Royal Wade Kimes A Dyin' Breed
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

International singles

Year Single Peak chart positions Album
US Country
[54]
CAN Country
[57]
NZ
[64]
UK
[12]
1995 "The Red Strokes" 49 38 34 13[A] In Pieces

Promotional singles

Year Single Peak chart positions Album
US Country
[54]
US AC
[56]
CAN Country
[57]
CAN
[61]
CAN AC
[58]
1994 "Hard Luck Woman" 67 28 58 23 31 Classic KISS Regrooved

Other charted songs

Year Single Peak positions Album
US Country
[54]
1992 "Against the Grain" 66 Ropin' the Wind
1993 "Dixie Chicken" 73 The Chase
1995 "The Old Stuff" 64 Fresh Horses
"Rollin'" 71
1997 "Cowboy Cadillac" 52 Sevens
"How You Ever Gonna Know" 59
"Take the Keys to My Heart" 57
"A Friend to Me" 68
"Don't Have to Wonder" 70
1998 "Something with a Ring to It" 68 The Limited Series
"Uptown Down-Home Good Ol' Boy" 65
"Tearin' It Up (And Burnin' It Down)" 63 Double Live
"Wild as the Wind" (with Trisha Yearwood) 65
2001 "Thicker Than Blood" 58 Scarecrow

Christmas songs

Year Single Peak positions Album
US Country
[54]
1993 "The Old Man's Back in Town" 48 Beyond the Season
1995 "White Christmas" 70
1998 "Belleau Wood"[D] 41 Sevens
"Santa Looked a Lot Like Daddy" 56 Beyond the Season
"The Old Man's Back in Town" (re-entry) 59
1999 "Belleau Wood" (re-entry) 65 Sevens
"Go Tell It on the Mountain' 72 Garth Brooks and the Magic of Christmas
2000 "Sleigh Ride" 54
"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" 56
"There's No Place Like Home for the Holidays" 63
"White Christmas" (re-entry) 65
"God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" 69
"Baby Jesus Is Born" 62
2001 "Call Me Claus" 55 Songs from Call Me Claus
"'Zat You, Santa Claus?" 56

Videography

Video albums

Title Album details Certifications
(sales threshold)
Garth Brooks
  • Release date: 1991
  • Label: Capitol Nashville
  • Formats: VHS
  • US: 4× Platinum[65]
This Is Garth Brooks
  • Release date: 1992
  • Label: Liberty Records
  • Formats: VHS
  • US: 5× Platinum[66]
The Garth Brooks Video
Collection, Vol. 2
  • Release date: 1996
  • Label: Capitol Records
  • Formats: VHS
Live from Central Park
  • Release date: 1998
  • Label: Capitol Records
  • Formats: VHS
The Entertainer
  • Release date: November 1, 2006
  • Label: Garth Brooks
  • Formats: DVD

Music videos

Year Title Director
1989 "If Tomorrow Never Comes" John Lloyd Miller
1990 "The Dance"
1991 "The Thunder Rolls" Bud Schaetzle
1992 "We Shall Be Free" Garth Brooks/Tim Miller
1994 "Standing Outside the Fire" Jon Small
"Callin' Baton Rouge" House Of Troy Productions
"The Red Strokes" Jon Small
1995 "Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)" Maurice Linnane
"The River"
1996 "The Change" Tim Miller/Jon Small
1997 "In Another's Eyes" (with Trisha Yearwood) Michael Salomon
"In Another's Eyes" (with Trisha Yearwood; live) Ellen Brown
1998 "To Make You Feel My Love" Jon Small
"Where Your Road Leads" (with Trisha Yearwood)
"That Ain't the Way I Heard It" (with Trisha Yearwood) Matt Coale/Paul Reeves
"Tearin' It Up (And Burnin' It Down)" Michael Salomon
1999 "It's Your Song"
"Lost in You" (as Chris Gaines) Jon Small
"Right Now" (as Chris Gaines)
2000 "When You Come Back to Me Again" Garth Brooks/Gerry Wenner
2001 "Wrapped Up in You" Jon Small
2002 "Squeeze Me In" (with Trisha Yearwood)
2007 "More Than a Memory"
"Workin' for a Livin'" (with Huey Lewis)
2008 "Midnight Sun" Garth Brooks
2013 "The Call" (with Trisha Yearwood)[67] Jon Small

Guest appearances

Year Title Artist Director
1991 "Voices That Care" Various David S. Jackson
1996 "Five Dollar Fine" (cameo) Chris LeDoux Michael Salomon
1998 "One Heart at a Time" Various

Notes

  • A^ "The Red Strokes" and "Ain't Going Down (Til the Sun Comes Up)" were released as double A-side in the UK and for this reason, they charted as one release.
  • B^ "Do What You Gotta Do" peaked at number 18 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.[57]
  • C^ "When You Come Back to Me Again" peaked at number 23 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.[57]
  • D^ "Belleau Wood" also peaked at number 87 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

References

  1. Grein, Paul (December 27, 2013). "Chart Watch: Controversy Doesn’t Hurt Robertsons’ Album". Chart Watch. Retrieved December 27, 2013. 
  2. "Jive talkin': Why Robin Gibb wants more respect for the Bee Gees". London: The Independent. May 12, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Country Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Billboard 200". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Country Albums/CDs". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Top Albums/CDs". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  7. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Garth Brooks". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 "australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "charts.de - German charts portal". Media Control. Retrieved September 25, 2011. 
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "norwegiancharts.com - Norwegian charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 "charts.org.nz - New Zealand charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved September 25, 2011. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 "Chart Stats - Garth Brooks". Chart Stats. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 http://thelavalizard.com/2013/07/best-selling-albums-of-the-soundscan-era/
  14. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - No Fences". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  15. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – No Fences". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  16. 16.0 16.1 "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2000 Albums". ARIA Charts. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
  17. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Ropin' the Wind". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  18. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Ropin' the Wind". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  19. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - The Chase". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  20. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – The Chase". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  21. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - In Pieces". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  22. Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts, 1966-2006: Singles, Albums DVDs, Compilations. Maurienne House. ISBN 1-877443-00-X. 
  23. 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 "British Phonographic Industry search results". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  24. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – In Pieces". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  25. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Fresh Horses". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  26. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Fresh Horses". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  27. 27.0 27.1 "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 1999 Albums". ARIA Charts. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
  28. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Sevens". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  29. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Sevens". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  30. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Scarecrow". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  31. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Scarecrow". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  32. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Garth Brooks Collection". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  33. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - The Hits". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  34. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – The Hits". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  35. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Double Live". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  36. 36.0 36.1 "IFPI Norway - Garth Brooks albums". IFPI. Retrieved 2009-09-02. 
  37. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Double Live". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  38. "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Independent Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  39. "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Canadian Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  40. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – The Lost Sessions". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  41. "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2008 Albums". ARIA Charts. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
  42. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – The Ultimate Hits". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  43. "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Holiday Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  44. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Beyond the Season". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  45. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Beyond the Season". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  46. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - The Magic of Christmas". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  47. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Magic of Christmas". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  48. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - The Limited Series". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  49. "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Country Albums/CDs". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  50. "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Top Albums/CDs". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  51. "norwegiancharts.com - Norwegian charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  52. "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - In the Life of Chris Gaines". Music Canada. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  53. "American album certifications – Garth Brooks – Greatest Hits". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 54.6 "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  55. 55.0 55.1 55.2 "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  56. 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Adult Contemporary". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.6 "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Country Singles". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  58. 58.0 58.1 58.2 "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Adult Contemporary". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  59. "australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
  60. "Garth Brooks Album & Song Chart History - Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  61. 61.0 61.1 "Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada - Top Singles". RPM. Retrieved August 22, 2011. 
  62. "American single certifications – Garth Brooks – Lost in You". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
  63. 63.0 63.1 63.2 Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. ISBN 0-89820-177-2. 
  64. "charts.org.nz - New Zealand charts portal". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
  65. "American video certifications – Garth Brooks – Garth Brooks". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Video Longform, then click SEARCH
  66. "American video certifications – Garth Brooks – This Is Garth Brooks". Recording Industry Association of America.  If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Video Longform, then click SEARCH
  67. Wyland, Sarah (December 10, 2013). "Exclusive: Watch the World Premiere of Garth Brooks & Trisha Yearwood’s Video “The Call”". Great American Country. Retrieved December 10, 2013. 
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.