GNRHR

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Identifiers

GNRHR; GNRHR1; GRHR; HH7; LHRHR; LRHR

External IDs

OMIM: 138850 MGI: 95790 HomoloGene: 350 IUPHAR: GnRH receptor ChEMBL: 1855 GeneCards: GNRHR Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • multicellular organismal development • cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 4:
68.61 – 68.62 Mb

Chr 5:
86.18 – 86.2 Mb

PubMed search

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNRHR gene.^[1]^[2]

This gene encodes the receptor for type 1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This receptor is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Following binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the receptor associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the receptor ultimately causes the release of gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Defects in this gene are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for this gene.^[2]

References

↑ Chi L, Zhou W, Prikhozhan A, Flanagan C, Davidson JS, Golembo M, Illing N, Millar RP, Sealfon SC (May 1993). "Cloning and characterization of the human GnRH receptor". Mol Cell Endocrinol 91 (1-2): R1–6. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(93)90278-R. PMID 8386108.
↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: GNRHR gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor".

External links

"Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: GnRH receptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

Michel U, Farnworth P, Findlay JK (1993). "Follistatins: more than follicle-stimulating hormone suppressing proteins.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 91 (1-2): 1–11. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(93)90248-I. PMID 8472841.
Flanagan CA, Millar RP, Illing N (1998). "Advances in understanding gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor structure and ligand interactions.". Rev. Reprod. 2 (2): 113–20. doi:10.1530/ror.0.0020113. PMID 9414473.
Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M (2004). "The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans.". Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 24 (4): 279–95. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.10.003. PMID 14726258.
Bédécarrats GY, Kaiser UB (2007). "Mutations in the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: insights into receptor biology and function.". Semin. Reprod. Med. 25 (5): 368–78. doi:10.1055/s-2007-984743. PMID 17710733.
Kakar SS, Musgrove LC, Devor DC, et al. (1992). "Cloning, sequencing, and expression of human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189 (1): 289–95. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91556-6. PMID 1333190.
Kakar SS, Grizzle WE, Neill JD (1995). "The nucleotide sequences of human GnRH receptors in breast and ovarian tumors are identical with that found in pituitary.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 106 (1-2): 145–9. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(94)90196-1. PMID 7534732.
Leung PC, Squire J, Peng C, et al. (1995). "Mapping of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene to human chromosome 4q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.". Mamm. Genome 6 (4): 309–10. doi:10.1007/BF00352431. PMID 7613048.
Fan NC, Peng C, Krisinger J, Leung PC (1995). "The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene: complete structure including multiple promoters, transcription initiation sites, and polyadenylation signals.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 107 (2): R1–8. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(94)03460-B. PMID 7768323.
Fan NC, Jeung EB, Peng C, et al. (1994). "The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene: cloning, genomic organization and chromosomal assignment.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 103 (1-2): R1–6. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(94)90087-6. PMID 7958384.
Grosse R, Schöneberg T, Schultz G, Gudermann T (1997). "Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling by expression of a splice variant of the human receptor.". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (9): 1305–18. doi:10.1210/me.11.9.1305. PMID 9259321.
Kakar SS (1997). "Molecular structure of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 137 (2): 183–92. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1370183. PMID 9272108.
de Roux N, Young J, Misrahi M, et al. (1997). "A family with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and mutations in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.". N. Engl. J. Med. 337 (22): 1597–602. doi:10.1056/NEJM199711273372205. PMID 9371856.
Layman LC, Cohen DP, Jin M, et al. (1998). "Mutations in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.". Nat. Genet. 18 (1): 14–5. doi:10.1038/ng0198-14. PMID 9425890.
de Roux N, Young J, Brailly-Tabard S, et al. (1999). "The same molecular defects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor determine a variable degree of hypogonadism in affected kindred.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (2): 567–72. doi:10.1210/jc.84.2.567. PMID 10022417.
Caron P, Chauvin S, Christin-Maitre S, et al. (1999). "Resistance of hypogonadic patients with mutated GnRH receptor genes to pulsatile GnRH administration.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (3): 990–6. doi:10.1210/jc.84.3.990. PMID 10084584.
Kottler ML, Bergametti F, Carrë MC, et al. (1999). "Tissue-specific pattern of variant transcripts of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 140 (6): 561–9. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1400561. PMID 10366411.
Pralong FP, Gomez F, Castillo E, et al. (1999). "Complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with a novel inactivating mutation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (10): 3811–6. doi:10.1210/jc.84.10.3811. PMID 10523035.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:
Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

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GNRHR

See also

References

External links

Further reading