GFER

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsGFER; ALR; ERV1; HERV1; HPO; HPO1; HPO2; HSS
External IDsOMIM: 600924 MGI: 107757 HomoloGene: 55884 ChEMBL: 1741189 GeneCards: GFER Gene
EC number1.8.3.2
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez267111692
EnsemblENSG00000127554ENSMUSG00000040888
UniProtP55789P56213
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_005262NM_023040
RefSeq (protein)NP_005253NP_075527
Location (UCSC)Chr 16:
2.03 – 2.04 Mb		Chr 17:
24.69 – 24.7 Mb
PubMed search
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Growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration (ERV1 homolog, S. cerevisiae), also known as GFER, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GFER gene.[1]

This gene is also known as Essential for Respiration and Vegatative growth/Augmenter of Liver Regeneration/Growth Factor Erv1-like/Hepatic regenerative Stimulation Substance/hepatopoietin.

Genomics

The gene resides on chromosome 16 in the interval containing the locus for polycystic kidney disease (PKD1). The putative gene product is 42% similar to the scERV1 protein of yeast. The human gene has three exons: the first encodes a 5' untranslated region and the first part of the protein; the second encodes the bulk of the protein; and the third the remainder.

Molecular biology

Proteins of the ERV1/ALR family are encoded by all eukaryotes and cytoplasmic DNA viruses for which the sequence data are available. All possess a C-X-X-C motif within a ~100 amino acid domain

Function

The hepatotrophic factor designated augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is thought to be one of the factors responsible for the extraordinary regenerative capacity of mammalian liver. It has also been called hepatic regenerative stimulation substance (HSS). The yeast scERV1 gene had been found to be essential for oxidative phosphorylation, the maintenance of mitochondrial genomes, and the cell division cycle. The human gene is both the structural and functional homolog of the yeast scERV1 gene.[1]

This protein interacts with Mia40 during the import of intermembrane space proteins including the small Tim proteins Cox17 and Cox19 both of which have disulfide bonds.

Interactions

GFER has been shown to interact with COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5[2] and BNIPL.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: GFER growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration (ERV1 homolog, S. cerevisiae)". 
  2. ↑ Lu, Chengrong; Li Yong, Zhao Yanlin, Xing Guichin, Tang Fei, Wang Qingming, Sun Yuhui, Wei Handong, Yang Xiaoming, Wu Chutse, Chen Jianguo, Guan Kun-Liang, Zhang Chenggang, Chen Huipeng, He Fuchu (Jan 2002). "Intracrine hepatopoietin potentiates AP-1 activity through JAB1 independent of MAPK pathway". FASEB J. (United States) 16 (1): 90–2. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0506fje. PMID 11709497. 
  3. ↑ Shen, Li; Hu Jian, Lu Hong, Wu Ming, Qin Wenxin, Wan Dafang, Li Yu-Yang, Gu Jianren (Apr 2003). "The apoptosis-associated protein BNIPL interacts with two cell proliferation-related proteins, MIF and GFER". FEBS Lett. (Netherlands) 540 (1–3): 86–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00229-1. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 12681488. 

Further reading

  • Francavilla A, Hagiya M, Porter KA, et al. (1994). "Augmenter of liver regeneration: its place in the universe of hepatic growth factors". Hepatology 20 (3): 747–57. doi:10.1002/hep.1840200328. PMID 8076931. 
  • Gatzidou E, Kouraklis G, Theocharis S (2007). "Insights on augmenter of liver regeneration cloning and function". World J. Gastroenterol. 12 (31): 4951–8. PMID 16937489. 
  • Lisowsky T (1992). "Dual function of a new nuclear gene for oxidative phosphorylation and vegetative growth in yeast". Mol. Gen. Genet. 232 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1007/BF00299137. PMID 1552903. 
  • Renan MJ, Reeves BR (1987). "Chromosomal localization of human endogenous retroviral element ERV1 to 18q22----q23 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 44 (2–3): 167–70. doi:10.1159/000132365. PMID 3568764. 
  • O'Brien SJ, Bonner TI, Cohen M, et al. (1983). "Mapping of an endogenous retroviral sequence to human chromosome 18". Nature 303 (5912): 74–7. doi:10.1038/303074a0. PMID 6843662. 
  • Lisowsky T, Weinstat-Saslow DL, Barton N, et al. (1996). "A new human gene located in the PKD1 region of chromosome 16 is a functional homologue to ERV1 of yeast". Genomics 29 (3): 690–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9950. PMID 8575761. 
  • Giorda R, Hagiya M, Seki T, et al. (1997). "Analysis of the structure and expression of the augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) gene". Mol. Med. 2 (1): 97–108. PMC 2230030. PMID 8900538. 
  • Yang XM, Hu ZY, Xie L, et al. (1998). "[In vitro stimulation of HTC hepatoma cell growth by recombinant human augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR)]". Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 49 (5): 557–61. PMID 9813496. 
  • Wang G, Yang X, Zhang Y, et al. (1999). "Identification and characterization of receptor for mammalian hepatopoietin that is homologous to yeast ERV1". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (17): 11469–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11469. PMID 10206950. 
  • Hofhaus G, Stein G, Polimeno L, et al. (1999). "Highly divergent amino termini of the homologous human ALR and yeast scERV1 gene products define species specific differences in cellular localization". Eur. J. Cell Biol. 78 (5): 349–56. doi:10.1016/S0171-9335(99)80069-7. PMID 10384986. 
  • Li Y, Li M, Xing G, et al. (2001). "Stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by hepatopoietin". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (48): 37443–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004373200. PMID 10982794. 
  • Lu C, Li Y, Zhao Y, et al. (2002). "Intracrine hepatopoietin potentiates AP-1 activity through JAB1 independent of MAPK pathway". FASEB J. 16 (1): 90–2. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0506fje. PMID 11709497. 
  • Cheng J, Zhong YW, Liu Y, et al. (2000). "Cloning and sequence analysis of human genomic DNA of augmenter of liver regeneration". World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 6 (2): 275–277. PMID 11819575. 
  • Li Y, Xing G, Wang Q, et al. (2002). "Hepatopoietin acts as an autocrine growth factor in hepatoma cells". DNA Cell Biol. 20 (12): 791–5. doi:10.1089/104454901753438606. PMID 11879572. 
  • Lu J, Xu WX, Zhan YQ, et al. (2002). "Identification and characterization of a novel isoform of hepatopoietin". World J. Gastroenterol. 8 (2): 353–6. PMID 11925624. 
  • Li Y, Wei K, Lu C, et al. (2002). "Identification of hepatopoietin dimerization, its interacting regions and alternative splicing of its transcription". Eur. J. Biochem. 269 (16): 3888–93. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03054.x. PMID 12180965. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. 
  • Zhao Y, Tang F, Cheng J, et al. (2003). "An initiator and its flanking elements function as a core promoter driving transcription of the Hepatopoietin gene". FEBS Lett. 540 (1–3): 58–64. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00158-3. PMID 12681483. 
  • Shen L, Hu J, Lu H, et al. (2003). "The apoptosis-associated protein BNIPL interacts with two cell proliferation-related proteins, MIF and GFER". FEBS Lett. 540 (1–3): 86–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00229-1. PMID 12681488. 


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