Francisco Craveiro Lopes

Francisco Craveiro Lopes
12th President of Portugal
In office 21 July 1951 – 9 August 1958
Prime Minister	António de Oliveira Salazar
Preceded by	Óscar Carmona (effective) António de Oliveira Salazar (interim)
Succeeded by	Américo Tomás
Personal details
Born	(1894-04-12)12 April 1894 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Died	2 September 1964(1964-09-02) (aged 70) Lisbon, Portuguese Republic
Political party	National Union
Spouse(s)	Berta Ribeiro Artur
Children	João Carlos Nuno Manuel Maria João
Profession	Air force officer
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Military service
Service/branch	Portuguese Air Force
Years of service	1911–1964
Rank	Marshal of the air force
Awards	Order of Christ Order of Aviz Order of the Tower and Sword Order of the Bath Royal Victorian Chain

Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku iˈʒinu kɾɐˈvɐjɾu ˈlɔpɨʃ]), GCTE, ComC, GCA, (12 April 1894 – 2 September 1964) was a Portuguese politician and military man. Decorated with the Order of the Bath and the Royal Victorian Chain, he was the 12th President of the Portuguese Republic between 1951 and 1958.

Early life and career

Born in Lisbon, he was a son of João Carlos Craveiro Lopes, Portuguese army general and 122nd Governor-General of Portuguese India (1929–1936) and his wife Júlia Clotilde Cristiano Salinas.

He concluded his Colégio Militar studies by 1911, having then entered the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa, in the same year he joined a cavalry regiment. He succeeded his father as the 123rd General Governor of Portuguese India (1936–1938).

Presidency

Salazar chose him as the regime's presidential candidate in 1951 to succeed the late Oscar Carmona. As the electoral system was heavily rigged in favour of Salazar's National Union, this made Craveiro Lopes' election a foregone conclusion.

However, he was not content to be a mere puppet, as Carmona had been. As a result, Salazar picked the seemingly more pliant Américo Tomás as the regime's candidate in 1958. The Democratic Opposition then invited Craveiro Lopes to be their candidate, but he knew he stood no chance of winning and refused. The regime, however, as compensation promoted him to Marshal. He was involved in the failed military attempt to overthrow Salazar, in 1961, led by the Defence Minister, general Júlio Botelho Moniz.

He died in Lisbon on 2 September 1964.

Family

He married Berta Ribeiro Artur (Lisbon, Pena, 15 October 1899 – Lisbon, Santa Maria de Belém, 5 July 1958), natural daughter of Engineer Sezinando Ribeiro Artur (Lisbon, 1875 – Lourenço Marques, 1918) by Maria Clara Pereira, by whom he had four children.

v t e Presidents of Portugal First Republic Manuel de Arriaga Teófilo Braga Bernardino Machado Sidónio Pais Canto e Castro António José de Almeida Teixeira Gomes Bernardino Machado Second Republic Mendes Cabeçadas Gomes da Costa Óscar Carmona Oliveira Salazar Craveiro Lopes Américo Thomaz Third Republic National Salvation Junta António de Spínola Costa Gomes Ramalho Eanes Mário Soares Jorge Sampaio Cavaco Silva

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