France Balantič
| France Balantič | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
November 29, 1921 Kamnik, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now in Slovenia) |
| Died |
November 24, 1943 (aged 21) Grahovo near Cerknica, Province of Ljubljana |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Literary movement | Symbolism, Expressionism |
France Balantič (29 November 1921 – 24 November 1943) was a Slovene poet. His works were banished from schools and libraries during the Titoist regime in Slovenia, but since the late 1980s, he has been re-considered as one of the foremost Slovene poets of the 20th century.
Life
Balantič was born in a working-class family in Kamnik, in the Slovenian region of Upper Carniola in what was then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Before World War II, he studied Slavic literature at the University of Ljubljana.
As a student, Balantič professed left wing leanings, with a sympathy towards Christian Socialism and trade unionism in general. As a devout Roman Catholic, he was however suspicious to the materialist world view present in most left wing ideologies of the time, especially in Communism. By 1941, he turned away from political activism, convinced that the only salvation for humanity is to be found in the Gospel.
In the first months after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia and the Italian occupation of Ljubljana, he joined the illegal student organization of the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People, but left it soon afterwards, disturbed by its pro-Communist leanings.
In June 1942, the Fascist authorities of the Italian-occupied Province of Ljubljana interned him in the Gonars concentration camp, together with several other nationalist students, like Zorko Simčič and Marjan Tršar. He was released thanks to the intercession of the bishop Gregorij Rožman in autumn of the same year. He returned to Ljubljana, and spent half a year in almost complete reclusion, mostly dedicating himself to writing. In March 1943, he joined the voluntary anti-communist militia sponsored by the Italians. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, he decided to enrol in the Slovenian Home Guard, an anti-communist militia sponsored by various Slovene conservative and anti-revolutionary political groups, which collaborated with the Nazi German occupying forces in the fight against the Yugoslav partisans. He was stationed as an officer at the Home Guard supply post in the village of Grahovo near Cerknica in 1943. The post was attacked, sieged and burnt down by the Partisan resistance, and Balantič died in the attack.
Work
Balantič was an intimist and lyricist poet who wrote mystic and passionate poems. He was influenced by the work of the Slovene Romantic poet France Prešeren, the decadentist poet Josip Murn, the expressionist Srečko Kosovel and, especially the regigious symbolism of Alojz Gradnik. Balantič was a master of classical poetic forms, especially sonnets. His major poem was 'The Wreath of Sonnets', written in 1940, and published posthumously by the literary critic Tine Debeljak in 1944.
The most typical trait of Balantič's poetry is his unique blend of personalist and eschatological visions, in which a messianic sense of the tragic dissolution of civilization and the end of time is intertwined with premonitions of his own death and a strong erotic feeling. Most of his poems are a search towards a personal vision of Divinity, in connection with the tradition of Catholic mysticism. He developed a complex metaphorical-hermetical style, verging on manierism. In many ways, Balantič continued the tradition of Slovene Christian expressionism, whose main exponents were Anton Vodnik and Edvard Kocbek, which he, following the example of the writer Ivan Pregelj, connected with elements of Baroque aestheticism.
Legacy
After World War II all his poetry was removed from public libraries in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and his name was omitted in public education. When the literary historian Anton Slodnjak mentioned Balantič in his Review of Slovene Literature in the 1950s, he was fired from his post at the University of Ljubljana because of it. In 1966, a selection of Balantič's poems were printed under the title Muževna steblika, but after intervention by the Communist Party it was decided that the book should be withdrawn and the entire run was sent to be destroyed and recycled.
His poems were published among the Slovene diaspora, especially in Argentina, where the literary historians Tine Debeljak and France Papež edited and published most of his works. In the late 1980s, Balantič was rediscovered in Slovenia, too, and he is now considered to be one of the foremost Slovene language poets of the 20th century, along with Edvard Kocbek and Srečko Kosovel.
Poetry collections
- V ognju groze plapolam ("I Flutter in the Fire of Horror". Ljubljana, 1944)
- Muževna steblika ("The Sappy Stem". Published posthumous in Buenos Aires, 1966) COBISS 14412545
- Zbrano delo, ("Collected Work". Buenos Aires, 1976) COBISS 522295
- Zbrane pesmi, ("Collected Poems". Ljubljana, 1991) COBISS 23614976
- Tihi glas piščali, ("The Silent Voice of the Flute". Ljubljana, 1991) COBISS 28163840
See also
- Slovenian literature
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