Fragmentation (chemistry)
It is a phenomenon used in mass spectrometry to find the structural formula of a molecule through mass spectrum analysis, process called structural elucidation.
It can occur in the ion source (in-source fragmentation) where it is generally not a desired effect. Ion source conformation is an important criterium in the level of fragmentation observed.
Desired fragmentation is made in the collision zone (post-source fragmentation) of a tandem mass spectrometer. It is a part of gas phase ion chemistry and there are different types of mass fragmentation:
- collision-induced dissociation (CID),
- electron-capture dissociation (ECD),
- electron-transfer dissociation (ETD),
- negative electron-transfer dissociation (NETD),
- electron-detachment dissociation (EDD),
- photodissociation, particularly infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD),
- surface-induced dissociation (SID),
- Higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD),
- charge remote fragmentation.
Schemes of fragmentation
The certain structures favour fragmentation the α-cleavage and the McLafferty rearrangement are two examples for the often observed fragmentations.
Other schemes includes Heterocyclic ring fission (HRF) or Retro Diels-Alder (RDA).
See also
References
- ↑ Plastics. Guide for vocabulary in the field of degradable and biodegradable polymers and plastic items. BSI. 2006. ISBN 0 580 49611 2.
- ↑ "Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)". Pure and Applied Chemistry: 377–410. 2012. doi:10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04.
External links
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