Fordillidae
| Fordillidae Temporal range: Tommotian–early Middle Cambrian | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fordilla troyensis outer shell surface[1] | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | †Fordillida |
| Superfamily: | †Fordilloidea |
| Family: | †Fordillidae Pojeta, 1975 |
| Genera | |
Fordillidae is an extinct family of early bivalves[2] and one of two families in the extinct superfamily Fordilloidea. The family is known from fossils of early to middle Cambrian age found in North America, Greenland, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia.[3][4][5] The family currently contains two genera, Fordilla and Pojetaia, each with up to three described species.[3][5] Due to the size and age of the fossil specimens, Fordillidae species are included as part of the Turkish Small shelly fauna.[3]
Description
Fordilla are small bivalves with valves that are equal in size and suboval in shape. In size Fordilla specimens reach a total shell length of up to 4 millimetres (0.16 in) and a height of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).[3][6] The shells are compressed laterally and the back edge is slightly broadened. The rear adductor is less developed and smaller than the front adductor, while the small pedal retractor muscle scar is positioned near the front adductor scar.[3] The valve hinge is usually straight to slightly convexly curved and each valve will have at most one tooth present. The external surface of the shell occasionally show faint ribbing.[3]
Similar to Fordilla, species of Pojetaia are small, with valves to less than 2 millimetres (0.079 in) in length. Pojetaia species have an overall shape which is suboval, with the subequal valves slightly elongated. The ligament is straight with an umbo which is central to subcentral. In contrast to Fordilla the rear adductor muscle was larger and more developed then the front adductor, with pallial muscles arranged along the valve margins. Also in contrast to Fordilla, valves of Pojetaia possess between one and three teeth, with up to two teeth per valve. The exteriors of the shells show faint ribbing and fine comarginal growth lines.[3]
The inner shell layers of Fordilla and Pojetaia species both consist of layers of carbonate, which is akin to the laminar aragonite layer found in extant monoplacophora.[7] The structuring is similar to shell layering found in the extinct genera Anabarella and Watsonella which is thought to suggest that members of the phylum Mollusca developed nacre independently several times.[7]
References
- ↑ Charles Doolittle Walcott (1886). Second contribution to the studies on the Cambrian faunas of North America. 30 of Geological Survey bulletin (30 of Bulletin, Geological Survey (U.S.).). Govt. Print. Off.,. p. 369.
- ↑ Carter, J.G.; et al (2011). "A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca)". Paleontological Contributions 4: 1–47.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881, from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9.
- ↑ The Paleobiology Database Fordillidae entry accessed 4 January 2012
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Paleobiology Database Fordilla entry accessed 4 January 2012
- ↑ Pojeta, J. (1975). "Fordilla troyensis Barrande and early pelecypod phylogeny". Bulletins of American Paleontology 67: 363–384.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Vendrasco, M.J.; Checa, A.G.; Kouchinsky, A.V. (2011). "Shell microstructure of the early bivalve Pojetaia and the independent origin of nacre within the Mollusca". Palaeontology 54 (4): 825–850. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01056.x.