Folk costume

Faroese folk dance club with some members in national costumes.

The Asian National costumes, kimono of Japan, barong and Baro't saya of The Philippines, the Qipao of Manchuria (later forcibly adopted by China) and the Hanbok of Korea.

Folk costume (also regional costume, national costume, or traditional garments) expresses an identity through costume which is usually associated with a geographic area or a period of time in history, but can also indicate social, marital and/or religious status. Such costumes often come in two forms: one for everyday occasions, the other for festivals and formal wear.

Following the outbreak of romantic nationalism, the peasantry of Europe came to serve as models for all that appeared genuine and desirable. Their dress crystallised into so-called "typical" forms, and enthusiasts adopted it as part of their symbolism.

In areas where contemporary Western fashions have become usual, traditional garments are often worn at special events or celebrations, particularly those connected with cultural traditions, heritage, or pride.

In modern times there are instances where traditional garments are required by law, as in Bhutan, where the traditional Tibetan-style clothing of gho and kera for men, kira and toego for women, must be worn by all citizens—even those not of Tibetan heritage; or in Saudi Arabia, where women are required to wear the abaya in public.

Africa

West Africa

• Benin - lace Dashiki suit and Aso Oke Hat (male), lace Buba and wrapper set (female)
• Ghana - Kente cloth, Ghanaian smock, and Fila (male), Kente kaba and slit set and Kaftan (female)
• Liberia - Dashiki suit cats Kufi (male), Buba and skirt set, Buba and wrapper set, and Kaftan (female)
• Mali - Grand boubou and Kufi (male), Kaftan (female)
• Nigeria - Agbada and Isiagu (male), Buba and wrapper set (female), Fila, Aso Oke Hat
• Senegal - Senegalese kaftan and Kufi (male), Kaftan (female)

North Africa

• Algeria : Binouar (Sétif), Bikhmar (Ouargla), Blouza (Oran), Burnous (Algérie), Caftan (Algérie), Caftan El-Bey (Algérie), Chemsa (Jijel), Fergani (Constantine), Gandoura (Algérie), Gandoura Annabiya (Annaba), Ghlila (Algiers), Haïek (Algérie), Jellaba (Algérie), Karakou (Algiers), Kachabia (Djelfa et Lagouat), Labsa Kbaylia (Kabylie), Labsa M'zabia (M'zab), Labsa Naïlia (Ouled Naïl), Labsa Touratia (Hoggar), Lefa we dlala (Annaba), Melhfa Chaouïa (Aures), Melhfa Sahraouia (Tindouf), Mlaya (Est algérien), Sarouel (Algérie), Sarouel Mdawer (Algiers)
• Egypt - Galabeya
• Morocco - Djellaba (male), Fez hat, Takchita (female)
• Sudan - Jalabiyyah, Taqiyyah, and Turban (male), Toob, a cotton women's dress (female)

Horn of Africa

• Ethiopia - Ethiopian suit (male), Habesha kemis (female)
• Somalia - Macawiis (male), Koofiyad (male), Jilbab (female), Dirac (female), Guntiino (female), thawb male

East Africa

• Kenya - Dashiki, Kanzu, and Kofia (male), Kanga and Kitenge (female)
• Rwanda - Kanzu (male), Mushanana (female)
• Tanzania - Kanzu, Dashiki, and Kofia (male), Kanga and Gowni (female)
• Uganda - Kanzu, Dashiki, and Kofia (male), Gomesi (female)

Southern Africa

• South Africa - Afrikaners, British diaspora: slouch hat, Bermuda shorts, khaki; Zulus, Xhosa, etc.: Madiba shirt, shweshwe clothing, Zulu crown (isicholo)
• Zimbabwe - Safari shirt and Dashiki (male), Buba and skirt set (female)

Americas

Peru

• Argentina - Gaucho costume
• Brazil - Each region has its own traditional costume
• Canada - Tuque, Parka, Ceinture fléchée, Red Serge
• Chile - Huaso costume
• Colombia - Sombrero Vueltiao, ruana, white shirt, trousers and espadrilles (male), Sombrero Vueltiao, blouse, pollera and espadrilles (female)
• Cuba - Guayabera, Khaki pants, Panama hat or Fedora (male), Guayabera dress (female)
• Dominican Republic - Chacabana
• Guatemala - Huipil, Corte skirt, Tocado, Todosantero suit.
• Guyana - Shirt jacket (male), Booboo (female)
• Haiti - Karabela dress (female), Shirt jacket (male)
• Jamaica - Bandana skirt and peasant blouse (female), Bush jacket (male)
• Mexico - Charro suit, Guayabera, Huipil, Mariachi suit, Rebozo, Sarape, Sombrero
• Panama - Pollera
• Peru - Chullo, Poncho
• Puerto Rico - Guayabera, Pantalons, and Panama hat (male), Trajes (dress) (Female)
• St. Lucia - Madras dress (female)
• Trinidad - Shirt-jac (male), Booboo (female) and Carnival costumes
• United States - Various forms of Native American clothing. Western wear derived from original American pioneer garb is traditional dress in Texas, the Southwest, and many rural communities, including cowboy hats, Western shirts, boots, jeans, prairie skirts, and bolo ties. Traditional Southern wear includes white seersucker suits and string ties for men, and sun hats and large dresses for women. Patriotic historic European-American costume, especially in the East, includes clothing styles of the Plymouth Pilgrims, Founding Fathers of the United States, William Penn, or Minutemen. Summer residents of Nantucket will often wear Nantucket Reds. Amish and some sects of Mormon fundamentalism preserve traditional 19th century clothing styles for those groups.
• Venezuela - Liqui liqui, pelo e' guama hat.

Asia

East Asia

Mongolian deel

• China - Hanfu, Cheongsam
• Japan - Kimono
• Korea - Hanbok
• Mongolia - Deel

South Asia

• Bangladesh - Kurta (men), Lungi (men), Sari (women), Dupatta (women), Sherwani (men)
• Sri Lanka - Dhoti and Lungi, Sarong, Sari
• Maldives - Dhivehi libaas (women) Sarong, long sleeved white shirt (men)
• Bhutan - Gho (male) and Kira (female)
• Nepal - Daura-Suruwal, (male) and Gunyou Cholo (female); Traditional Newar clothing
• Pakistan - Sherwani,^[1] Shalwar Kameez^[2]
• India - Nehru suit, Achkan, Dhoti, Kurta (male) and Sari (female), Chatta and mundu (female) Shalwar Kameez and Khara Dupatta.

Southeast Asia and Pacific

Indonesian girl wearing traditional Palembangese Songket

• Australia - Khaki shorts, slouch hat, Aboriginal Australian tribal dress
• Brunei - Baju Melayu (male), Baju Kurung, Baju Kebaya (female), Songket, Sarong
• Cambodia - Sampot, Apsara, Sabai.
• Hawaii - Hawaiian Shirt, Hawaiian Skirt
• Indonesia Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. - Javanese male: Kain Batik, Beskap, Blangkon, Sarong, Klompen; Javanese female: Kain Batik, Kebaya, Klompen; Malay male: Baju Melayu, Songkok/Peci; Malay female: Baju Kurung, Kain Songket; Lampungese female: Kain Tapis; Sumba male and female: Kain Tenun Ikat; Batakese female: Kain Ulos; koteka
• Laos - xout lao, suea pat, pha hang, pha biang, sinh
• Malaysia - Baju Melayu (male), Baju Kurung (female), Baju Kebaya (female), Songket, Sarong
• Myanmar - Longyi
• New Zealand - Māori Flax Skirts
• Philippines - Barong Tagalog (male) and Baro't saya (female)
• Thailand - chut thai, Thai female: Thai Chakkri, Thai Boromphiman, Thai Siwalai, Thai Chakkraphat, Thai Amarin, Thai Chitlada, Thai Ruean Ton, pha nung, and sinh, Thai male: suea phraratchathan, Both genders: chong kraben and sabai. Northern Thai male: sado, and khian hua
• Tonga - tupenu and ta'ovala
• Vietnam - Áo Dài, Áo Tứ Thân, Áo Bà Ba.

Europe

Traditional kroj from Slovakia

Andalusian folk costumes from Spain

Tricana from Portugal

• Albania - Albanian Traditional Clothing
• Austria - Tracht, Dirndl
• Bohemia - Kroje
• Bulgaria - Nosia
• Croatia - Croatian national costume, Lika cap, Sibenik cap
• Czech Republic - Kroje
• England - morris costumes, Pearly kings and queens
• Faroe Islands - Føroysk klæði
• Finland - Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka
• France - Breton shirt, Beret, Alsatian costume
• Georgia - Chokha (Every region has its own specific design of Chokha)
• Germany - Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. Examples for Bavaria: Tracht, Lederhosen, Dirndl
• Greece - Fustanella, Peplos, Chiton
• Hungary - Dolman, Pellisse
• Iceland - Þjóðbúningurinn
• Ireland - Aran sweater, Grandfather shirt, Flat cap, Irish walking hat, Aran Island Tam, Leine
• Italy - Italian folk dance costumes, Tarantella costumes
• Macedonia - Macedonian national costume
• Malta - Għonnella (Faldetta)
• Moravia - Kroje
• Netherlands - Dutch cap, sabot
• Norway - Bunad; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka
• Poland - National costumes of Poland, Kontusz, Czapka
• Portugal - Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. Nazarena and minhota are two examples.
• Romania - Romanian dress
• Ancient Rome - Toga, Stola
• Russia - Sarafan, Kokoshnik, Kosovorotka, Ushanka, Valenki; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka
• Serbia - Serbian dress, Šajkača, Opanci
• Scotland - Highland dress: Kilt, tam o'shanter, doublet, trews, Aboyne dress, Brogues or ghillies
• Sicily - Coppola (cap), black or dark brown Waistcoat
• Slovakia - Kroj (embroidered traditional dress)
• Slovenia - Gorenjska noša (Upper Carniola)
• Spain - every autonomous region has its own national costume. The bata de cola or "flamenco tail gown" is the really national costume; with "Manila shawl" and "spanish high comb".
• Sweden - Sverigedräkten; 18th century: Nationella dräkten; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka
• Ukraine - National costumes of Ukraine, Vyshyvanka, Sharovary, Żupan, Ukrainian wreath
• Wales - Traditional Welsh costume, Welsh hat

Greater Middle East

Chechen folk costumes

Palestinian family wearing typical Islamic dress.

Modern Bedouin from Saudi Arabia with turban and jambiya dagger

• Afghanistan - Afghan cap, turban, Shalwar Kameez in grey, blue or olive green. See also Pashtun dress.
• Chechnya - Chokha, Taqiyah (cap), ushanka in cold weather.
• Egypt - Jellabiya, dishdash, keffiyeh
• Israel - Tembel hat, Biblical sandals, Jewish religious clothing, Rekel, Bekishe, Homburg hat, Kippah.
• Iran - Kurta, Pajama, dark colored Sherwani, Turban, Niqab.
• Kurdistan - Shalwar (pants), Islamic dress.
• Palestine - Keffiyeh, Taqiyah (cap), Palestinian costumes.
• Pakistan - Sherwani, churidar, Peshawari pagri, karakul in winter.
• Saudi Arabia - Thawb, Agal, izaar, Bisht, jilbab, hijab.
• Turkey - Fez, Kaftan.
• Yemen - Similar to Saudi Arabia, with the addition of an ornate jambiya and leather bandoliers.

See also

Gallery

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to National costumes.