Fluvanna County militia
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The Fluvanna County militia was a component of the Virginia militia during the American Revolutionary War. It was based in Fluvanna County, Virginia for the majority of the war and only saw action near the end of the conflict, in 1781.
Size
The exact size of the Fluvanna militia at different times during the war is unknown. Local writings list the station of Revolutionary War units at six companies.[1] As of January 13, 1781 Thomas Jefferson knew there to be 260 men enlisted in the militia. It is known that Thomas Jefferson asked for one quarter of the county's militia, 65 men, to fight at Green Spring, West Virginia in 1781, near the end of the war.[2]
What is known is that Fluvanna was the site of Point of Fork Arsenal, a major center of arms manufacturing for the Virginia government during the Revolution.[3]
Origins
Like other county militias, the Fluvanna militia was formed as a local branch of the Virginia militia. It was led by Captain Richard Napier.
In order to join the militia, men were required to take a "Test Oath" renouncing King George III and pledging themselves to defend the Commonwealth.[4]
Known members
This is a list of known members of the militia and their rank, if appropriate.[4][5][6][7]
| LAST NAME | FIRST NAME | RANK | KNOWN SERVICE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adams | James, Jr. | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777[8] |
| Anderson | Benjamin | 1st Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777[8] |
| Beckley | John | 1st Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777[8] |
| Bibee | William | [8] | |
| Cole | James | Ensign | Mar 1778 |
| Duncan | George | Captain | Sep 4 1777[8] |
| East | James | ||
| Ford | John, Sr. | Private[5] | |
| Grant | Robert | ||
| Haden | Anthony | Ensign | 1779 |
| Haden | Anthony | Captain | April 2, 1779 |
| Haden | Joseph | Captain | Sep 4 1777 |
| Haden | John Mozeley | 1st Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Haden | John M. | Ensign | April 2, 1779 |
| Haden | William | Ensign | April 2, 1779 |
| Hall | Richard | 1st Lieutenant | April 2, 1779 |
| Hancock | Benj. | Ensign | April 2, 1779 |
| Haslip | Henry | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Henry | William | Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Johnson | William | Ensign | Sep 4 1777 |
| Johnson | Walter | Ensign | |
| King | Sackville | 2d Lieutenant | Feb 1 1781[9] |
| Lee | Benjamin | Ensign | Sep 4 1777 |
| Logan | Alexander | Private | |
| Martin | Benjamin | Ensign | Sep 4 1777 |
| Martin | Henry | 1st Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Martin | John | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Martin | William | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Mays (Mayo?) | Joseph | 2d Lieutenant | May 6, 1779 |
| Moore | Jesse | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Moss | Alexander | 1st Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Napier | John | Captain | Sep 4 1777 — April 4, 1779 |
| Napier | Richard | Captain | Sep 4 1777 |
| Napier | Thomas | Colonel | Sep 4 1777 |
| Omohundro | Richard | Ensign | June 4, 1778 |
| Quarles | Tunstall | Major | |
| Rice | Holman | Captain | |
| Rishardson | Samuel | Captain | |
| Thompson | George | Major | Sep 4 1777 |
| Thompson | Leonard | Captain | Nov 6 1777 |
| Thompson | Roger | Lieutenant Colonel | Nov 6 1777 |
| Thurmond | Thomas | Captain | Sep 4 1777 |
| Tilman | Daniel | 1st Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Tilman | Daniel | Captain | Dec 3 1778 |
| Tinsdale | Thomas | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Williamson | John | 2d Lieutenant | Sep 4 1777 |
| Woody | William | 2d Lieutenant | April 2, 1779 |
| Wynne | Thomas | Ensign | Sep 4 1777 |
Timeline of Events
| 1775 | Capt. Thos. Holt was recruiting men in this County for several months.[8] |
| 1777 | Capt. Joseph Hayden's Company was in service about three months.[8] |
| 17 — | Capt. Saml. Richardson's Company was in service at Hampton.[8] |
| 17 — | Capt. Samuel Richardson's Company was in service at Williamsburg.[8] |
| 1779 | Capt. Samuel Richardson's Company was in service at Albemarle Barracks.[8] |
| 1779 | Capt. Joseph Hayden's Company was in service about Williamsburg.[8] |
| 1780 | Capt. Anthony Henderson's [Haden's] Company was in service at Albemarle Barracks.[8] |
| 1780 | Capt. Levi [Leonard] Thompson's Company was in service at Cabin Point.[8] |
| 1781 | Capt. Anthony Hayden's Company was in service at the time of Tarleton's Raid.[8] |
| 1781 | At least one of the militiamen was engaged in making gun stocks for the army.[8] |
| 1781 | Capt. Richard Napper's [Napier's] Company was at the Siege of York.[8] |
Point of Fork
In May 1781 Baron von Steuben held the arsenal at Point of Fork, where the James River and Fluvanna River meet. Stationed at Point of Fork were elements of the 5th Virginia (Gaskins' Battalion)[10] as well as elements of the local militia. Von Steuben complained of the status of the militia found at Point of Fork, stating that there were few men and fewer provisions. Immediately, von Steuben set about refitting the 5th Virginia for deployment south with General Greene in South Carolina, this despite some controversy with the Virginia General Assembly after von Steuben's plan to reinforce the American armies in South Carolina was rejected for fear of leaving Virginia's rivers undefended.
By May 1781, Cornwallis was determined to break the back of the Virginians and sent Lt. Col. Simcoe and a detachment of rangers to capture Point of Fork. Alongside this effort was a force under Col. Tarleton's cavalry, seeking to sack the Virginia General Assembly, capture then-Governor Thomas Jefferson, and burn out any warehouses or potential stores for the Marquis de Lafayette and his army to use in pursuit of Cornwallis.
When Simcoe reached the arsenal, he expected to surprise the American forces and seize the stores. Von Steuben, believing that Simcoe's detachment was a sign that the entire British army under Cornwallis was nearby abandoned Point of Fork Arsenal, leaving it to the British detachment as they made their way towards Charlottesville and Governor Jefferson.
Tarleton, after failing in his mission of capturing Jefferson and the Virginia General Assembly, "destroying one thousand new muskets, four hundred barrels of powder, several hogsheads of tobacco, and a quantity of soldier's clothing" returned to Point of Fork to Elk's Hill, a plantation owned by Jefferson, thoroughly destroying the stores and wares, even to the point of slitting the throats of the horses on the plantation.
Von Steuben carried the large part of the blame for the abandonment of Point of Fork arsenal, to the point Virginia's General Assembly ordered an investigation into von Steuben's conduct. Von Steuben was adamant that the provisions and men were not as stated by the legislature, and given both the condition of his hurried preparations, the sudden arrival of Cornwallis, and his belief that the entire British army was nearby, von Steuben exasperation was summarized; "Every farmer is a general … but nobody wishes to be a soldier."
Further rising to the defense of von Steuben is the notable action of the 5th Virginia Regiment during the 1781 Virginia Campaign, despite the notable lack of clothing, muskets, bayonets, and other equipment. Despite this, the 5th Virginia pushed to within 350 yards of the British lines at Yorktown before Cornwallis surrendered on October 19, 1781.[7]
References
- ↑ FluvannaChamber.org - History
- ↑ books.google.com Fluvanna County militia
- ↑ wscottsmith.com - Virginia Campaign
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 PennHistoryReview.com
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 ForGen.tripod.com
- ↑ Virginians.com
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fluvanna County, Virginia Order Book, 1779-1782
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 McAlister, J.T. (1913). VIRGINIA MILITIA IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Hot Springs, Virginia: McAllister Publishing Co.
- ↑ sites.google.com SackvilleKing
- ↑ wscottsmith.com Virginia Campaign - Gaskins War
- Bibliography
- Writings of Thomas Jefferson,
- History of the 5th Virginia Regiment, 1781,
- 5th Virginia Regiment (pre-1780),
- The Virginia Campaign of 1781,
- Action at Point of Fork Arsenal,
- Siege of Yorktown,
- Pictoral Field Book of the Revolution,
External links
- Bibliography of the Continental Army in Virginia compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History