Flavescence dorée

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Flavescence dorée
Symptoms on leaves
Common names: flavescence dorée of grapevine
Causal agents: Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis
hosts: Vine
vectors: Scaphoideus titanus
EPPO codes: PHYP64
Distribution: Europe (France, Swizerland, Germany, Italy), United States, Australia

Flavescence dorée (from French "Flavescence" : yellowing and "dorée" : golden) is a bacterial disease of the vine with the potential to threaten vineyards. The bacterial agent has recently been named Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis, and its vector is the leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus. Infection may kill young vines and greatly reduce the productivity of old vines.[1] It is classified as a phytoplasma disease belonging to the group generically termed grapevine yellows.[2] Occurrences are in sporadic epidemics, and varieties vary in their sensitivity to it.

There is no cure for the moment and the way to manage the spreading is the uprooting of the infected plants.

Symptoms

Leaves become red or yellow depending on variety. Twigs stay soft. There is no cold hardening.

Tests

The Phytoplasma bacterium species responsible for the disease cannot be cultured in vitro in cell-free media. Quantitative PCR can be used for the early detection of the bacterium in the plant.

Biology

Ca. Phytoplasma vitis is part of the 16SrV group (group name: Elm yellows) in the Phytoplasma taxonomy.

History

Flavescence dorée first appeared in 1949 in the Armagnac region of south west France.[2] Its insect vector, S. titanus, was originally native to the Eastern United States and Canada and is believed to have been introduced to Europe during World War II. Spreading steadily throughout France, by 1987 it had reached the wine growing regions of Cognac, Languedoc and northern and southern Rhône, and by 1992 the Loire Valley, and Bordeaux.[1] Variants of the disease are found in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, New York state, and Australia.

  • Symptoms on German variety Scheurebe

  • Symptoms on German variety Scheurebe

  • Symptoms on German variety Scheurebe

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 winepros.com.au. Oxford Companion to Wine. "grapevine yellows". 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 winepros.com.au. Oxford Companion to Wine. "flavescence dorée". 

External links


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