Flakfortet
 Flakfortet island | |
  | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Area | 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 23 m (75 ft) |
| Country | |
|
Denmark | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | None permanent |
Flakfortet, meaning sand-shoal fortress, is a sea fort located on the artificially built island of Saltholmreb, in the Øresund between Copenhagen and Saltholm. The island and fort are simply known as Flakfortet; the name of the island; Saltholmreb, meaning the reef near Saltholm, is seldom used.
Flakfortet was the last of three artificial islands that the Danes created to defend the entrance to Copenhagen's harbor. (The other two are Trekroner Fort (the oldest) and Middelgrundsfortet.) Flakfortet's guns covered the Hollænderdybet channel between Middelgrundsfortet and Saltholm, and the Flinterenden channel between Sweden and Saltholm. Eventually Flakfortet became more of a site for anti-aircraft weapons than for coastal artillery. Its military functions ended in 1968.
Flakfortet is now used for recreational purposes such as concerts, and the site has a restaurant and yacht moorings. During the summer, a ferry company, Spar Shipping, has five scheduled trips per day to the island, with the trip from Nyhavn taking about 40 minutes each way. There is an overnight hostel on the island too.
History
The fort was built in the years 1910–1914 as part of Copenhagen's sea-fortifications. The island is 23 meters high and covers 32,000 m2. Construction of the artificial island required the use of caissons of reinforced concrete, possibly the first use of such structures. The caissons were first cast at Lynetten quai on Refshale Island, thought the last was cast at Flakfortet itself.
The fortifications extended over two floors and included a barracks that once housed the garrison of 550 men. Initially, the fort's armament consisted of four 29cm M1910 howitzers, six 21cm M1913 guns, and four 75mm quick-firing guns. Later, it received two 47mm ballonkanoner (anti-balloon guns), another 75mm, and 8mm machine guns. It also received one 90cm and four 150mm searchlights.
Marshall Plan aid enabled the Danes in 1950 to install a variety of anti-aircraft guns. These included four heavy German 105 mm guns, which were probably moved from Hansted (Hanstholm), six twin-40mm guns (American copies of the Bofors M36, and some 20mm anti-aircraft guns. These newer weapons replaced some of the earlier artillery. Flakfortet then remained in military use until 1957.
In 1965, the Danes decided to establish a Hawk anti-aircraft missile battery on Middelgrundsfortet. However, this fort required extensive renovation so in the interim (1965-1968), the Danes emplaced the HAWK battery on Flakfortet. For almost a decade thereafter the fort again stood unused.
In 1975 The Danish Ministry of Defence leased Flakfortet to the Copenhagen Sailing Association and opened the site to the public. Unfortunately, one result was that during this period the fort was the victim of extensive vandalism.
The Danish Ministry of Defence owned Flakforet until 2001. It was put up for sale in 1999 under the guidance of Statens Ejendomssalg (commonly known as Freja), which is the department under the Danish Ministry of Finance responsible for selling surplus state-owned property.
In June 2001 the Swedish company Malmökranen purchased Flakforet. The sale also required the approval of the Danish Forest and Nature Agency, which is the organization responsible for environmental protection in Denmark. As the fort is a Danish designated protected area, the new owners undertook to maintain the area and make it publicly available.
In 2008 the new owners, together with the Swedish conductor Kristofer Wåhlander, arranged the fort's first ever classical music festival, Music at the Fort, with audiences coming in from both Sweden and Denmark.
External links
- Flakfortet website
- Historical website in Danish, with photographs