Fifth Avenue

Coordinates: 40°46′26″N 73°57′58″W / 40.774°N 73.966°W / 40.774; -73.966

Fifth Avenue

The Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue at the Metropolitan Museum of Art at 81st Street
Location	Manhattan, New York City
North end	West 142nd Street
Major junctions	Madison Square, Grand Army Plaza, Duke Ellington Circle
South end	Washington Square North
East	Madison Avenue, Broadway, Union Square West, University Place
West	Sixth Avenue, Lenox Avenue/Malcolm X Boulevard, Broadway

Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the center of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, United States. The section of Fifth Avenue that crosses Midtown Manhattan, especially that between 49th Street and 60th Street, is lined with prestigious shops and is consistently ranked among the most expensive shopping streets in the world.^[1] The "most expensive street in the world" moniker changes depending on currency fluctuations and local economic conditions from year to year. For several years starting in the mid-1990s, the shopping district between 49th and 57th Streets was ranked as having the world's most expensive retail spaces on a cost per square foot basis.^[2] In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Fifth Avenue as being the most expensive street in the world. Some of the most coveted real estate on Fifth Avenue are the penthouses perched atop the buildings.^[3]

The American Planning Association (APA) is a distinguished organization devoted to supporting practicing planners, citizens, and elected officials who are dedicated to making great communities flourish. APA compiled a list of “2012 Great Places in America” and declared Fifth Avenue to be one of the greatest streets to visit in America. This historic street is home to extraordinary museums, businesses and stores, parks, luxury apartments, and historical landmarks that are reminiscent of its history and vision for the future.^[4]

Fifth Avenue originates at Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village and runs northwards through the heart of Midtown, along the eastern side of Central Park, where it forms the boundary of the Upper East Side and through Harlem, where it terminates at the Harlem River at 142nd Street. Traffic crosses the river on the Madison Avenue Bridge.

Fifth Avenue serves as the dividing line for house numbering and west-east streets in Manhattan, just as Jerome Avenue does in the Bronx. It separates, for example, East 59th Street from West 59th Street. From this zero point for street addresses, numbers increase in both directions as one moves away from Fifth Avenue, with 1 West 59th Street on the corner at Fifth Avenue, and 300 West 59th Street located three blocks to the west of it.

History

The lower stretch of Fifth Avenue extended the stylish neighborhood of Washington Square northwards. The high status of Fifth Avenue was confirmed in 1862, when Caroline Schermerhorn Astor settled on the southwest corner of 34th Street, and the beginning of the end of its reign as a residential street was symbolized by the erection, in 1893, of the Astoria Hotel on the site of her house, later linked to its neighbor as the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel (now the site of the Empire State Building). Fifth Avenue is the central scene in Edith Wharton's 1920 Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Age of Innocence. The novel describes New York's social elite in the 1870s and provides historical context to Fifth Avenue and New York's aristocratic families.

Originally a narrower thoroughfare, much of Fifth Avenue south of Central Park was widened in 1908, sacrificing its wide sidewalks to accommodate the increasing traffic. The midtown blocks, now famously commercial, were largely a residential district until the start of the 20th century. The first commercial building on Fifth Avenue was erected by Benjamin Altman who bought the corner lot on the northeast corner of 34th Street in 1896, and demolished the "Marble Palace" of his arch-rival, A. T. Stewart. In 1906 his department store, B. Altman and Company, occupied the whole of its block front. The result was the creation of a high-end shopping district that attracted fashionable women and the upscale stores that wished to serve them. Lord & Taylor's flagship store is still located on Fifth Avenue near the Empire State Building and the New York Public Library.

Historical Landmarks

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission is the New York City agency that is responsible for identifying and designating the City's landmarks and the buildings in the City's historic districts. Historic places are nominated due to their community, state, or national importance. Below is a list of historic sites on Fifth Avenue with their designation dates:^[5]

• 500 Fifth Avenue Building – December 14, 2010
• Aeolian Building (Elizabeth Arden Building) – (689 Fifth Ave & 54th St) – December 10, 2002
• George W. Vanderbilt Residence – (647 5th Avenue) – March 22, 1977
• Goelet Building (Swiss Center Building) – (606–608 Fifth Avenue at 49th St) – January 14, 1992
• Gorham Building – (390 Fifth Avenue at West 36th Street) – December 15, 1998
• Manufacturers Trust Company Building – (510 Fifth Avenue at West 43rd Street)– April 23, 1985
• Rizzoli Building – (712 Fifth Avenue) – January 29, 1985
• Saks Fifth Avenue – (611 5th Ave.) – December 20, 1984
• Sidewalk Clock – (200 Fifth Avenue) and (522 Fifth Avenue) – August 25, 1981
• St. Regis Hotel – (799 Fifth Ave & 55th St) – November 1, 1988

National Historic Landmark Program

The National Historic Landmark program (NHRP) focuses on places of significance in American history, architecture, engineering, or culture. It recognizes structures, buildings, sites, and districts associated with important events, people, or architectural movements. Listed below is a list of National Historic Landmarks located along Fifth Avenue:^[6]

• Empire State Building – 350 Fifth Avenue – National Historic Landmark (06/24/86)
• Flatiron Building – 175 Fifth Avenue – National Historic Landmark (06/29/89)
• New York Public Library – Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street – National Historic Landmark (12/21/65)
• Rockefeller Center − 45 Rockefeller Plaza – National Historic Landmark (12/23/87)
• St. Patrick’s Cathedral – 460 Madison Avenue – National Historic Landmark (12/08/76)

Upper Fifth Avenue

By the start of the 20th century, the very rich of New York had migrated to the stretch of Fifth Avenue between 59th Street and 96th Street, the stretch where Fifth Avenue faces Central Park. Entries to the park include Inventor's Gate at 72nd Street, which gave access to the park's carriage drives, and Engineers' Gate at 90th Street, used by equestrians.

A milestone for Fifth Avenue came in 1916, when the grand corner mansion at 72nd Street and Fifth Avenue that James A. Burden had erected as recently as 1893 was demolished to make way for a grand apartment house, 907 Fifth Avenue, of 12 stories around a central court, with two apartments to a floor;^[7] its strong cornice above the fourth floor, just at the eaves height of its neighbors, was intended to soften its presence. This was the first such replacement.

In January 1922, the city reacted to complaints about the ongoing replacement of Fifth Avenue's mansions by apartment buildings by restricting the height of future structures to 75 feet (23 m), about half the height of a ten-story apartment building.^[8] Architect J. E. R. Carpenter brought suit, and won a verdict overturning the height restriction in 1923. Carpenter argued that "the avenue would be greatly improved in appearance when deluxe apartments would replace the old-style mansions."^[9]

This area contains many notable apartment buildings, including 810 Fifth Avenue and the Park Cinq, many of them built in the 1920s by architects such as Rosario Candela and J. E. R. Carpenter. A very few post-World War II structures break the unified limestone frontage, notably the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum between 88th and 89th Streets.

Traffic pattern

Members of Naval Reserve Center Bronx's color guard march up Fifth Avenue at the 244th Annual NYC St. Patrick's Day parade

Fifth Avenue from 142nd Street to 135th Street carries two-way traffic. Fifth Avenue carries one-way traffic southbound from 135th Street to Washington Square North. The changeover to one-way traffic south of 135th Street took place on January 14, 1966, at which time Madison Avenue was changed to one way uptown (northbound).^[10] From 124th Street to 120th Street, Fifth Avenue is cut off by Marcus Garvey Park, with southbound traffic diverted around the park via Mount Morris Park West.

Fifth Avenue is one of the few major streets in Manhattan along which streetcars did not run. Instead, Fifth Avenue Coach offered a service more to the taste of fashionable gentlefolk, at twice the fare. On May 23, 2008, The New York Times reported that the New York City area Metropolitan Transportation Authority's bus division is considering the use of double-decker buses on Fifth Avenue once again, where they were operated by the Fifth Avenue Coach Company until 1953,^[11] and again by MTA from 1976 to 1978.

Parade route

Fifth Avenue is the traditional route for many celebratory parades in New York City; thus, it is closed to traffic on numerous Sundays in warm weather. The longest running parade is the annual St. Patrick's Day Parade. Parades held are distinct from the ticker-tape parades held on the "Canyon of Heroes" on lower Broadway, and the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade held on Broadway from the Upper West Side downtown to Herald Square. Fifth Avenue parades usually proceed from south to north, with the exception of the LGBT Pride March, which goes north to south to end in Greenwich Village.

The Latino literary classic by New Yorker Giannina Braschi, entitled "Empire of Dreams," takes place on the Puerto Rican Day Parade on Fifth Avenue.

Bicycling route

Bicycling on Fifth Avenue ranges from segregated with a bike lane south of 23rd Street, to scenic along Central Park, to dangerous through Midtown with very heavy traffic during rush hours.^[12] There is no dedicated bike lane along Fifth Avenue.

Overturned Midtown bike ban

In July 1987, then New York City Mayor Edward Koch proposed banning bicycling on Fifth, Park, and Madison Avenues during weekdays, but many bicyclists protested and had the ban overturned.^[13] When the trial was started on Monday, August 24, 1987 for 90 days to ban bicyclists from these three avenues from 31st Street to 59th Street between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on weekdays, mopeds would not be banned.^[14] On Monday, August 31, 1987, a state appeals court judge halted the ban for at least a week pending a ruling after opponents against the ban brought a lawsuit.^[15]

Economy

Cartier is one of several premier retail establishment located on Fifth Avenue

Shopping

Between 49th Street and 60th Street, is lined with prestigious boutiques and flagship stores and is consistently ranked among the most expensive shopping streets in the world.^[16]

• Most of the world's luxury boutiques are located on Fifth Avenue, which include Louis Vuitton, Tiffany & Co., Gucci, Prada, Bottega Veneta, Armani, Fendi, Versace, Tommy Hilfiger, Cartier, Omega, Chanel, BCBG Max Azria, Harry Winston, Salvatore Ferragamo, Nike, Escada, Swarovski, Bvlgari, Emilio Pucci, Ermenegildo Zegna, Diesel, and many more.
• Fifth Avenue is home to luxury department stores Lord & Taylor, Saks Fifth Avenue, Barneys, & Bergdorf Goodman.
• Fifth Avenue is home to New York's fifth most photographed building, the Apple Store.
• Fifth Avenue is home to the largest Build-A-Bear Workshop in the world.
• Fifth Avenue is also home to some of New York City's finest event and wedding venues, including the aptly-named Manhattan Penthouse on Fifth Avenue^[17]
• Some lesser-scale retailers such as Best Buy can also be found on Fifth Avenue.^[18]

Ticket offices

Many airlines established ticketing offices along Fifth Avenue. In the years leading up to 1992, the number of ticketing offices along Fifth Avenue decreased. Pan American World Airways went out of business, while Air France, Finnair, and KLM moved their ticket offices to other areas in Midtown Manhattan.^[19]

Museum Mile

Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan in the city of New York, in the United States, running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side,^[20] in an area sometimes called Upper Carnegie Hill.^[21] The Mile, which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world, is actually three blocks longer than one mile (1.6 km). Nine museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue.^[22] A tenth museum, the Museum for African Art, joined the ensemble in 2009, however its Museum at 110th Street, the first new museum constructed on the Mile since the Guggenheim in 1959,^[23] opened in late 2012. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation.^[24]

Museums on the mile

• 110th Street – Museum for African Art (opened fall 2012)^[25]
• 105th Street – El Museo del Barrio
• 103rd Street – Museum of the City of New York
• 92nd Street – The Jewish Museum
• 91st Street – Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum (part of the Smithsonian Institution)
• 89th Street – National Academy Museum and School of Fine Arts
• 88th Street – Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
• 86th Street – Neue Galerie New York
• 83rd Street – Goethe-Institut New York/German Cultural Center
• 82nd Street – The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Additionally, on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 70th Street lies the Henry Clay Frick House which houses the Frick Collection, though this is not part of Museum Mile.

Museum Mile Festival

The annual Museum Mile Festival traditionally takes place here on the second Tuesday in June from 6 – 9 p.m. It was established in 1979 to increase public awareness of its member institutions and promote public support of the arts in New York City.^[26] The first festival was held on June 26, 1979 (1979-06-26).^[27] The ten museums are open free that evening to the public. Several of the participating museums offer outdoor art activities for children, live music and street performers.^[28] During the event, Fifth Avenue is closed to traffic.

Gallery

See also

• List of leading shopping streets and districts by city
• Jerome Avenue, a shopping street and major thoroughfare in the Bronx

References

Notes

Further reading

• Gaines, Steven (2005). The Sky's the Limit: Passion and Property in Manhattan. New York: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-60851-3. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 5th Avenue (Manhattan).

• Fifth Avenue Photos
• Fifth Avenue Directory and Images
• Greek Independence Day Parade, Fifth Avenue
• New York Songlines: Fifth Avenue
• APA Great Places in America
• National Historic Landmarks in New York State
• "Museum Mile". NY.com. Retrieved February 22, 2013. 
• Daly, Sean (April 13, 2003). "Museum Mile High". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 15, 2008. . Note: Erroneously states the northern boundary of Museum Mile is East 104th Street.

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