Ferocactus

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Ferocactus
Ferocactus glaucescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Core eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Cacteae
Genus: Ferocactus
Britton & Rose[1]
Species

See text.

Synonyms

Bisnaga Orcutt
Brittonia C.A.Armstr.[1]

Ferocactus cylindraceus, Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, Nevada, USA
Ferocactus echidne

Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers. There are about 30 species included in the genus. They are found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

Description

The young specimens are columnar but as they grow older ribs form and they take on a barrel form. Most of the species are solitary but some, such as Ferocactus robustus and F. glaucescens, form clumps. The flowers are pink, yellow, red or purple depending on the species, and the petals sometimes have a stripe of a darker colour.

Habitat

They are desert dwellers and can cope with some frost and intense heat. The typical habitat is hot and very arid, and the plants have adapted to exploit water movement to concentrate their biomass in areas where water is likely to be present. Like Sclerocactus, Ferocactus typically grow in areas where water flows irregularly or depressions where water can accumulate for short periods of time. They are most often found growing along arroyos (washes) where their seeds have been subjected to scarfication due to water movement, but they oddly also tend to grow along ridges in spots where depressions have formed and can hold water for some period of time.

Adaptations

Ferocactus have very shallow root systems and are easily uprooted during flash floods. The "fishhook" spines and the armored web of spines enclosing the cactus body in many species of this genus are adaptations which allow the plant to move to more favorable locations. The seeds germinate in areas where water movement occurs or in areas where standing water accumulates for some period of time, and during flash floods, the hooked spines allow the plants to be caught on waterborne debris, uprooted and carried to areas where water tends to accumulate.

Cultivation

In cultivation ferocactus require full sun, little water, and good drainage. They are popular as houseplants. They cannot tolerate freezing temperatures for extended periods, which typically cause them to yellow, bleach, then slowly die. Propagation is usually from seeds.

Ecology

Many ferocactus species are ant plants, exuding nectar along the upper meristem from extrafloral nectaries above each areole, and hosting ant colonies.

Selected species

  • Ferocactus alamosanus
  • Ferocactus chrysacanthus
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt – California Barrel Cactus, Biznaga-barril cilíndrica
    • Ferocactus cylindraceus cylindraceus
    • Ferocactus cylindraceus lecontei (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor
    • Ferocactus cylindraceus tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) N.P.Taylor
  • Ferocactus diguetii
  • Ferocactus echidne – Sonora Barrel Cactus, Coville's Barrel Cactus, Emory's Barrel Cactus, Traveler's Friend
  • Ferocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Orcutt – Emory's Barrel Cactus, Biznaga-barril de Emory
    • Ferocactus emoryi emoryi
    • Ferocactus emoryi rectispinus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor
  • Ferocactus flavovirens
  • Ferocactus fordii
  • Ferocactus glaucescens
  • Ferocactus gracilis H.E.Gates – Fire Barrel Cactus
    • Ferocactus gracilis coloratus (H.E.Gates) N.P.Taylor
    • Ferocactus gracilis gatesii (G.E.Linds.) N.P.Taylor
    • Ferocactus gracilis gracilis
  • Ferocactus haematacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Bravo ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth[2]
  • Ferocactus hamatacanthus (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose – Turk's-Head Barrel Cactus, Biznaga-barril Costillona
  • Ferocactus herrerae – Twisted Barrel Cactus
  • Ferocactus histrix (DC.) G.E.Linds. – Electrode Cactus
  • Ferocactus horridus
  • Ferocactus johnstonianus Britton & Rose – Johnston's Barrel Cactus
  • Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
  • Ferocactus macrodiscus
  • Ferocactus peninsulae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose
  • Ferocactus pilosus – Mexican Lime Cactus, Viznaga de Lima
  • Ferocactus pottsi
  • Ferocactus reppenhagenii
  • Ferocactus robustus
  • Ferocactus santa-maria – Santa-Maria Barrel Cactus
  • Ferocactus schwarzii – Schwarz's Barrel Cactus
  • Ferocactus stainesii
  • Ferocactus townsendianus – Townsend Barrel Cactus
  • Ferocactus viridescens (Torr. & A.Gray) Britton & Rose – San Diego Barrel Cactus, Biznaga-barril Verdosa
  • Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose – Fishhook Barrel Cactus, Candy Barrel Cactus, Biznaga-barril de Nuevo México[2][3]

Formerly placed here

  • Sclerocactus brevihamatus tobuschii (W.T.Marshall) N.P.Taylor (as F. tobuschii (W.T.Marshall) N.P.Taylor)
  • Sclerocactus glaucus (K.Schum.) L.D.Benson (as F. glaucus (K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor)
  • Sclerocactus mesae-verdae (Boissev. & C. Davidson) L.D.Benson (as F. mesae-verdae (Boissev. & C.Davidson) N.P.Taylor)
  • Sclerocactus pubispinus (Engelm.) L.D.Benson (as F. pubispinus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor)[2]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ferocactus.
Wikispecies has information related to: Ferocactus
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Genus: Ferocactus Britton & Rose". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-02-13. Retrieved 2010-11-14. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "GRIN Species Records of Ferocactus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-14. 
  3. ↑ "Ferocactus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2010-11-14. 
  • The species list is referenced in part from cactiguide.com which is in turn referenced from several books which are listed on that site. The principal book listed there is The Cactus Family by Edward F. Anderson, (2001).

External links

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