Feminist art movement
The feminist art movement refers to the efforts and accomplishments of feminists internationally to make art that reflects women's lives and experiences, as well as to change the foundation for the production and reception of contemporary art. It also sought to bring more visibility to women within art history and art practice. Corresponding with general developments within feminism, and often including such self-organizing tactics as the consciousness-raising group, the movement began in the 1960s and flourished throughout the 1970s as an outgrowth of the so-called second wave of feminism. It has been called "the most influential international movement of any during the postwar period."[2]
Overview
The 1960s was period of civil rights and gay and lesbian rights movements and protests against war. It was also a period when women artists wanted to gain equal rights as men within the established art world, influenced by modernist movements "utopian ideals," and to create feminist art, often in non-traditional ways, to help "change the world."[3]
History
Protofeminism
Women's movements began in the mid-19th century with the Women's suffrage and then in the mid-20th century with the Feminist movement. Preceding the Feminist art movement, were works by protofeminist artists, like the French Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) and German-American Eva Hesse (1936-1970). Their work includes some of the themes in feminist art, like domestic life, personal experience and the women's body.[3]
Precursor
On 20 July 1964 Yoko Ono, avant-garde artist and widow of John Lennon, presented Cut Piece at the Yamaichi Concert Hall, Kyoto, Japan were she sat still as part of her clothing were cut off of her, which meant to protest violence against women. She performed it again at Carnegie Hall in 1965.[1][nb 1] It is considered among the first works of the feminist art movement and The Guardian's Jonathan Jones considered it "one of the 10 most shocking performance artworks ever."[4]
Beginning
Women artists, motivated by feminist theory and the feminist movement, began the feminist art movement in the 1970s. Feminist art represent a shift to postmodernism from modernism, when art made by women was put in an "other" or different class than works made by men. The feminist art movement grew out of the struggle to find a way to express sexual, material, social and political aspects of life - and to feminity - in a new way.[5] Feminist art movements emerged in the United States; Europe,[citation needed] including Spain;[6] Australia; Canada; and Latin America in the 1970s.[citation needed]
Global expansion
Since then, there are women's art movements in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, Russia, and Japan.[7][8] Women artists from Asia, Africa and particularly Eastern Europe emerged in large numbers onto the international art scene in the late 1980s and 1990s as contemporary art became popular world-wide.[9][10][11]
Major exhibitions of contemporary women artists include WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution curated by Connie Butler, SF MOMA, 2007, Global Feminisms curated by Linda Nochlin and Maura Reilly at the Brooklyn Museum, 2007,[12] Rebelle, curated by Mirjam Westen at MMKA, Arnheim, 2009, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang! 45 Years of Art and Feminism curated by Xavier Arakistan at Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, 2007,[13] Elles at Centre Pompidou in Paris (2009-2011), which also toured to Seattle Art Museum.[14] have been increasingly international in their selection. This shift is also reflected in journals set up in the 1990s like n.paradoxa.[citation needed]
See also
- Australian Feminist Art Timeline
- Cyberfeminism
- Depiction of women artists in art history
- Feminism in 1950s Britain
- Feminist art
- Feminist art criticism
- Feminist art movement in the United States
- Historiography
- List of 20th century women artists
- n.paradoxa
- Postmodern feminism
- Women Artists
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jarett Murphy (16 October 2003). "Crowd Cuts Yoko Ono's Clothing Off". CBS News. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ↑ Jeremy Strick, director of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles in the Washington Post, 2007
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Feminist art movement". The Art Story Foundation. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ↑ Jonathan Jones (11 November 2013). "The 10 most shocking performance artworks ever". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ↑ Cheris Kramarae; Dale Spender (1 December 2000). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Taylor & Francis. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-415-92088-9.
- ↑ Mujeres en les Artes Visuales, Women in the Visual Arts, Spanish chronology
- ↑ Hindsbo, Karen. The Beginning is Always Today: Scandinavian feminist art from the last 20 years. SKMU, Sørlandets Kunstmuseum, 2013.
- ↑ Kokatsu, Reiko.Women In-Between: Asian Women Artists 1984-2012. Japan, Fukuoka Asian Art Museum, 2012.
- ↑ Gender Check: Masculinity and Femininity in the Art in Eastern Europe,
- ↑ Huangfu, Binghui.(ed).Text and Sub-Text(Singapore: Lasalle-SIA University, 2000.
- ↑ Dike, Paul Chike and Oyelola, Patricia. Nigerian Women in Visual Art. National Gallery of Art, Lagos, Nigeria, 2004
- ↑ Global Feminisms
- ↑ Kiss Kiss Bang Bang! 45 Years of Art and Feminism
- ↑ Elles Pompidou. Seattle Art Museum]
Further Reading
- Juan Vicente Aliaga Gender Battle/A Battala dos Xeneros Spain, Santiago de Compostela, 2007.
- Juan Aliaga and Maria Laura Rosa Recuperar la Memoria: Experiencias feministas desde el Arte, Argentina y Espana, Ana Navarette and Mujeres Publicas Centro Cultural de Espana, Buenos Aires and CCEBE, Sede Parana, 2013.
- L. Anderson, A. Livion Ingvarsson, M. Jensner, A. Nystrom, B.Werkmeister, N. Ostlind (eds.) Konstfeminism Helsingborg, Sweden, Dunkers Kulturhaus and Lilevalch Konsthall, 2004.
- Kathy Battista Re-Negotiating the Body: Feminist Art in 1970s London, I B Tauris, 2011.
- Carla Bianpoen, Farah Wardani, Wulan Dirgantoro Indonesian Women Artists Jakarta: Yayasan Semirupa Indonesia:2007.
- Katy Deepwell (ed) New Feminist Art Criticism: Critical Strategies UK, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1995.
- Sylvia Eiblmayr Die Frau als Bild: Der Weibliche Korper in der Kunst des 20 Jahrhunderts Berlin, Dietrich Reimer, 1993.
- Isabelle Graw Die Bessare Halfte: Kunstlerinnen des 20 und 21 Jahrhunderts Cologne, du Mont Verlag, 2003.
- Karen Hindsbo The Beginning is Always Today': Scandinavian feminist art from the last 20 years Norway: Saarlandets Kunstmuseum, 2013.
- Johanna Householder and Tanya Mars (eds) Caught in the Act: an Anthology of Performance Art by Canadian Women Toronto:YYZ Books, 2003.
- Lucy Lippard From the Center:Feminist Essays on Women's Art New York. Dutton, 1976.
- Roszika Parker and Griselda Pollock Framing Feminism: The Women's Art Movement, 1970-1985 London. Pandora/RKP, 1987.
- Bojana Pejic (ed) The Gender Check Reader Vienna, MUMOK and Erste Foundation, 2010
- Griselda Pollock (ed) Generations and Geographies London, Routledge, 1996.
- Helena Reckitt (ed) Art and Feminism London, Phaidon, 2001
- Hilary Robinson (ed) Visibly Female London, Camden Press, 1987
- Hilary Robinson (ed) Feminism - Art - Theory: An Anthology, 1968-2000 Oxford. Blackwells, 2001.
- Araceli Barbosa Sanchez Arte Feminista en los ochenta en Mexico: una perspectiva de genero Mexico: Casa Juan Pablos Centro Cultural, Universidad Autonoma de Estado de Morelos, 2008.
- Ella Shohat (ed) Talking Visions: Multicultural Feminism in a Transnational Age Cambridge, Mass, MIT:1998
- Bridget Tracy Tan Women Artists in Singapore Singapore, Select Books and Singapore Art Museum, 2011.
- Jayne Wark Radical Gestures: Feminism and Performance Art in North America Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006.
- Women Down the Pub (a.k.a. N.Debois Buhl, L.Strombeck, A.Sonjasdotter) Udsight - Feministiske Strategier i Dansk Billedkunst / View - Feminist Strategies in Danish Visual Art Denmark, Informations Vorla, 2004.
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